American Journal of Philological Sciences

The Function of Poetic Symbols Associated with Bread in Poetry

Erkinova Fotima Mamutxonovna — 2025-07-17

This article describes the ideological-philasofical, artistic-aesthetic aspects bread -poetic imaje in poetry. The Figurative and syumbolic meanings expressed through the poetic image of bread are analyzed.

Etymological Pathways and Lexical Formation in English Biotechnology Terminology

Prof. Michael J. Collins — 2025-07-01

The rapid evolution of biotechnology as a scientific discipline necessitates a robust and precise terminological system for effective communication. This article investigates the primary etymological pathways and lexical formation processes evident in English biotechnological terminology. Drawing upon various linguistic analyses, we explore the structural and semantic peculiarities of both single-component and multi-component terms, highlighting the significant roles of derivation, compounding, and semantic phenomena such as metaphorization. The study underscores how the interdisciplinary nature of biotechnology influences its linguistic landscape, fostering a dynamic creation of neologisms and the re-purposing of existing lexical units. Understanding these formation mechanisms is crucial for terminology standardization, translation, and enhancing clarity in scientific discourse.

The Reflection of The Concept “Labour” In the Naïve Picture of The English World

Feruza Mamatova Makhammadovna — 2025-07-22

This study explores the conceptualization of “labour” in the naïve picture of English speakers. It analyzes metaphors, associations, and cultural connotations linked to labour in everyday language. By examining lexical units and figurative expressions, the research reveals how labour is perceived, valued, and emotionally framed in English, reflecting broader socio-cultural attitudes within the naïve linguistic picture of the world.

A Comparative Study of Human Imagery in Uzbek And English Tongue Twisters

Yuldashev Og‘abek Komiljon o‘g‘li — 2025-07-14

Tongue twisters represent a distinctive genre of folklore that simultaneously serve as a means of testing phonetic complexity and as an expressive form enriched with cultural and spiritual content. From a phonetic perspective, tongue twisters contribute to the mastery of the sound system and pronunciation norms, while from a lexical-semantic perspective, they reflect the worldview, cultural stereotypes and spiritual values of the people who created them through the use of vivid imagery.

The Study of Plant Names in World Linguistics

Sattorova Shahnoza — 2025-07-18

The investigation of plant names, or phytonymy, represents a dynamic intersection of linguistics, anthropology, ethnobotany, and cultural studies. This article explores the multifaceted nature of plant name studies across global linguistic traditions, emphasizing the significance of nomenclature in shaping human interaction with flora, encoding ecological knowledge, and reflecting cultural values. Through a comparative analysis of diverse language families and historical contexts, this work uncovers patterns in naming, semantic evolution, borrowing, and cultural symbolism. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms underlying plant name formation, the transmission of botanical knowledge through language, and the challenges of standardization in scientific and folk contexts. The research draws upon both theoretical models and practical examples from various regions, highlighting the value of phytonymy in linguistic typology, translation studies, and cross-cultural communication. The conclusion proposes a framework for further interdisciplinary research and emphasizes the relevance of plant name studies in preserving intangible cultural heritage and supporting biodiversity conservation.

Cross-National Pragmatic Patterns in Mass Media Language: Evidence from American And Uzbek Newspapers

Xusanova Zuxra Almamat qizi — 2025-07-13

The current study investigates cross-national pragmatic tendencies present in socio-political newspaper discourse in the United States and Uzbekistan. It explores how linguistic choices and pragmatic strategies are employed to influence readers’ perceptions, focusing on newspapers such as The New York Times and O’zbekiston Ovozi. The research identifies recurring pragmatic features, such as implicit meaning, presupposition, rhetorical questions, and modality. The comparative approach reveals culturally embedded patterns in media language use, emphasizing how political context, communicative intent, and audience expectations shape discourse. This paper contributes to a deeper understanding of how language is pragmatically utilized in different sociopolitical environments.

Cross-Cultural Pragmatics of Third-Person Pronouns in English, Arabic, And Uzbek

Pazilova Nasibaxon Muxammadkasimovna — 2025-07-29

This paper explores the cross-cultural pragmatics of third-person pronouns in three linguistically and culturally distinct languages: English, Arabic, and Uzbek. Drawing upon a corpus of literary, political, and religious texts, the study investigates how gender, number, and pragmatic reference influence the interpretation and translation of these pronouns. Findings demonstrate substantial variation in how each language encodes gender and number, underscoring the importance of contextual sensitivity and appropriate translation strategies in cross-cultural and multilingual discourse.

The Writer's Skill in Creating the Image of Imam Maturidi

Shomurodov Sanat — 2025-07-18

This article discusses Luqmon Bo‘rixon’s novel "Imam Maturidi." Notably, the novel stands out as a new phenomenon in recent years of Uzbek historical fiction due to the novelty of its subject matter. At the center of the work is the figure of Imam Maturidi — a renowned scholar in the Islamic world and the Muslim East, particularly known for his contributions to the science of hadith. The article focuses on the novel’s ideological and artistic features, the writer’s skill in portraying the great scholar’s image, as well as the originality of the style and conceptual content, and the principle of historical accuracy.

Linguocultural Features in The Process of Translating Literary Works

Erimbetova Shaxzada Abatbaevna — 2025-07-10

This article explores the essential role of linguocultural features in the translation of literary texts. Translation is not only a linguistic act but also a cultural one, as literature reflects the values, beliefs, and traditions of its original culture. The paper examines how culture-specific elements—such as idioms, humor, metaphors, and historical references—pose challenges in the translation process. It also discusses the major strategies used by translators, including domestication, foreignization, cultural substitution, and calque. By analyzing selected literary works and providing real-world examples, the article highlights the translator’s responsibility to preserve both the meaning and artistic integrity of the original text. The study concludes that literary translation is a creative and intercultural process that requires deep cultural awareness, linguistic skill, and ethical sensitivity.

Contextual Functions of Paremiological Units in Discourse

Shakhzada Saymanova — 2025-07-25

In this article, we will determine the contextual flexibility, semantic multi-layeredness, and communicative-discursive modification of proverbs and sayings, which are paremiological units in the English and Karakalpak languages, in various discourse genres. Through the research, it is analyzed how proverbs acquire new semantic meaning and content in the context, undergo stylistic changes, and appear in a new axiological content.

Religious Consciousness as A Determinant of Modern Socio-Cultural Reality

Baratova Makhbuba Mubinjanovna — 2025-07-17

The article examines the role of religious consciousness as an important factor influencing the formation and transformation of modern socio-cultural reality. The mechanisms of interaction of religious values with secular tendencies are analyzed, the role of religion in the process of globalization, cultural identity, political mobilization and the formation of public morality is revealed. The role of religious consciousness in the formation of modern socio-cultural reality of Uzbekistan is shown - historical, cultural and state-legal aspects of religiosity, its influence on national identity, moral values and processes of sustainable development. Particular attention is paid to the interaction of religious and secular principles in education, culture and social policy.

Using Wiki Technologies in Teaching Writing Practice to Students of Philology

Umarova Gulmira Abduganiyevna — 2025-07-09

The integration of digital technologies into higher education has transformed the methods and tools available for teaching writing, particularly within philology disciplines. This article explores the pedagogical potential and practical implementation of Wiki technologies in fostering effective writing practice among philology students. Drawing on current research and diverse international experiences, the paper examines the didactic, collaborative, and formative assessment benefits of Wikis. The study also addresses the challenges encountered by educators and students, such as digital literacy disparities and content reliability. The article provides a thorough analysis of empirical findings from a multi-institutional comparative study involving universities in Uzbekistan, Germany, the United States, and Finland, illustrating the impact of Wiki-based assignments on student engagement, autonomy, and academic writing proficiency. The results reveal that Wiki technologies significantly contribute to the development of critical thinking, cooperative learning, and digital communication skills, positioning them as indispensable tools for contemporary philological education. Recommendations for best practices and future research directions are offered.

A Systematic Linguistic Analysis of The Structural Composition and Semantic Layers of Linguistic Units Expressing Socio-Ethical Concepts in The Uzbek Language

Rashidov Sanjar Sharof ugli — 2025-07-23

This paper investigates the structural composition and semantic stratification of linguistic units expressing socio-ethical concepts in the Uzbek language. Through a systematic linguistic approach, the research identifies key syntactic patterns, morphological features, and semantic layers inherent in expressions that encode moral and social values. Drawing from a corpus of Uzbek literary and spoken texts, the analysis highlights how these linguistic forms reflect the cultural and ethical mindset of Uzbek society. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the intersection between language, culture, and ethics, particularly in translation and cross-cultural communication contexts.

Adequacy, Equivalency and Translation Evaluation

Bahrom Iskandarov — 2025-07-14

This article explores the theoretical foundations and practical implications of adequacy and equivalence in translation studies. Drawing upon the frameworks of prominent scholars such as Y.I. Retsker, L.S. Barkhudarov, the paper examines how different approaches define and apply the concepts of equivalence in relation to linguistic norms, functional correspondence, and communicative effect. The analysis highlights the distinction between formal, dynamic, and functional equivalence, and the roles they play in achieving accurate translation outcomes. Special attention is given to the translator’s linguistic and cultural competence and the inherent asymmetry in bilingualism, which significantly affects translation choices. Furthermore, the article discusses translation criticism as a tool for evaluating the quality and equivalence of translated texts.

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Language Learning and Teaching: A Linguistic Perspective with A Focus on EFL Education in Uzbekistan

Nietullaeva Shaxsanem — 2025-07-18

The influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on the field of language learning and teaching is no longer a distant prediction—it is now a present reality. In contexts like Uzbekistan, where English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education has become both a national priority and a social necessity, AI technologies are increasingly finding their place in classrooms, teacher training programs, and digital learning platforms. This article explores how AI is reshaping the linguistic, pedagogical, and emotional dimensions of EFL education in Uzbekistan. It reflects on the role of AI not only as a tool but also as a linguistic phenomenon that interacts with the learner’s mind, motivation, and learning strategies. Drawing upon both global research and personal observation, the paper presents a human-centered narrative about opportunities and ethical concerns, innovations and misalignments, hopes and fears—all grounded in the realities of EFL classrooms. Ultimately, this research argues that AI will not replace language teachers but will reshape their roles, requiring a critical, linguistically-informed, and culturally sensitive approach to integration.

Towards A Unified Structural Theory of Parts of Speech in Modern Linguistics

Ikramjon Abdullayev — 2025-07-13

This paper presents a unified structural theory of parts of speech, integrating comparative evidence from English, Uzbek, and Russian. It addresses the longstanding debate on word-class categorization by combining distributional, syntactic, morphological, and semantic criteria into a comprehensive framework. Utilizing descriptive grammars and typological studies, we identify universally communicative "primary" parts of speech common across these languages, alongside "secondary" categories specific to individual linguistic structures. Our analysis emphasizes the importance of clearly distinguishing semantic and formal criteria to avoid theoretical ambiguity. The unified model effectively accounts for cross-linguistic variations, such as differing usage of articles, pronoun case systems, and morphological distinctions, ensuring theoretical coherence.

Linguistic and Cultural Features of Similes Involving Quantity Etalons in Alisher Navoi’s “Farhad And Shirin”

Mumtozbegim Abduolimova — 2025-07-29

This article examines the linguistic and cultural characteristics of similes in Alisher Navoi’s epic Farhad and Shirin, focusing on the role of quantity etalons. Simile constructions are analyzed from semantic, syntactic, and stylistic perspectives, with emphasis on their sensory-based types (vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch) and the expression of quantity (e.g., “ashkdek,” “bir necha”). Quantity etalons serve to specify volume, number, or degree within similes, enhancing their expressiveness. The study elucidates the interplay between language and culture, underscoring the significance of similes and quantity etalons in linguistic and cultural studies.

The Role of Information Services in Developing Public Relations in Educational Institutions

Ramanova Gulnoza — 2025-07-18

The contemporary landscape of educational institutions is undergoing significant transformation, marked by an increasing emphasis on effective communication and stakeholder engagement. This paper explores the multifaceted role of information services in shaping and advancing public relations within educational settings. Drawing upon both theoretical perspectives and empirical studies, the article elucidates how information services contribute to transparency, institutional reputation, crisis management, and participatory governance. The analysis encompasses a variety of educational institutions, ranging from primary schools to universities, and highlights best practices for integrating digital information services into public relations strategies. The research demonstrates that well-structured information services are pivotal in cultivating trust, enhancing institutional image, and facilitating two-way communication between educational organizations and their diverse publics. The study concludes with recommendations for optimizing information services to foster dynamic and sustainable public relations in the educational sphere.

Indicators for Assessing Cognitive Development of The New Generation of Learners

Madina Tilavova — 2025-07-11

This article explores the essential indicators for assessing the cognitive development of the new generation of learners. It discusses various methodologies and tools that educators can utilize to evaluate cognitive growth effectively. The focus is on understanding how digital literacy, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills have evolved in today's learners and the implications of these changes for teaching practices. The article emphasizes the need for adaptive assessment strategies that reflect contemporary educational landscapes and the importance of fostering a holistic approach to cognitive development.

The Model of Coreference Resolution in Uzbek Texts: A Review

Abdisalomova Shahlo Abdimurod qizi — 2025-07-27

Coreference resolution plays a crucial role in natural language processing by enabling accurate understanding of a text and identifying its semantic structure. While effective Coreference resolution systems have been developed for resource-rich languages such as English, German, and Chinese, research and practical systems in this area remain insufficient for the Uzbek language. Uzbek differs significantly from other languages due to its agglutinative structure, flexible word order, and rich morphology. These linguistic features necessitate unique approaches and models for Coreference resolution. This article discusses the Uzbek-language Coreference resolution system – UzCoref – highlighting its functional capabilities, system architecture, data flow, underlying model, testing process, comparative analysis with other systems, and the advantages of UzCoref.

A Comparative Analysis of Transcendentalism and The Jadid Movement (Based on The Works of Ishoqxon Tora Ibrat And Ralph Waldo Emerson)

Ilyasova Nadira — 2025-07-18

This article undertakes a comparative analysis of Transcendentalism and the Jadid movement through the prism of the works of Ralph Waldo Emerson and Is’hoqxon To’ra Ibrat. Despite emerging in different geographic and cultural settings—nineteenth-century America and turn-of-the-century Central Asia—both intellectual currents share an emphasis on reform, individual moral development, and the relationship between human beings and their broader environment. Through a close reading of Emerson's essays and Ibrat's treatises, the article elucidates how each movement articulated its vision for society and individual self-realization. Special attention is paid to the philosophical underpinnings, social implications, and the enduring legacy of both movements. The study reveals significant convergences in their advocacy for education, moral autonomy, and cultural renewal, as well as fundamental differences shaped by their respective religious and sociopolitical contexts. The findings contribute to an enriched understanding of the global dynamics of reformist thought at the intersection of East and West.

Antroponyms And Their Research Issues

Nesibeli Baltaniyazova Tenelbaevna — 2025-07-10

This article discusses the significance of onomastics within linguistics, specifically its sub-field of anthroponymy, and its connections with other disciplines. It also explores the research object of anthroponymy, its interdisciplinary study with fields such as history, literature, ethnography, and sociology, and its unique characteristics.

Historical-Genetic Foundations of Colour Symbolism

Ro'ziyeva Mohichehra Yoqubovna — 2025-07-24

This article explains the organic connection between the concept of colour, human thinking, archetypal systems, and cultural layers. The symbolic meanings of colours are revealed through colour psychology, philosophical understanding methods, and comparative analyses in historical development. This topic is extensively analysed based on examples related to various folk concepts, religious beliefs, and mythological images.