American Journal of Philological Sciences

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATIONS OF SHAKESPEARE'S SONNETS

Tursunoy JARKINOVA — 2024-12-14

This article discusses the secrets of the art of translation and the requirements for a translator. Opinions of world and Uzbek scholars regarding poetic translation are analyzed. Direct and indirect translations of Shakespeare's sonnets, considered masterpieces of world literature, and their achievements and shortcomings are listed. The translations of Maqsud Shaikhzade, Yusuf Shomansur, Jamal Kamal are comparatively studied.

REASONS AND SPECIFIC ADVANTAGES OF TEACHING PHYSICS IN MEDICAL INSTITUTES

Usmonov Saidjon Abdusubxon o‘g‘li — 2024-12-10

Medicine and physics are two areas that constantly surround us in our daily lives, but since they are so intertwined, every day the impact of physics on the development of medicine is increasing, thanks to which the medical industry is modernized. This allows many diseases to be treated or stopped and controlled. This article also provides information on the role and importance of teaching physics in the field of medicine.

SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF THE KOKAN LITERARY ENVIRONMENT

Hilola Raimova — 2024-12-19

This article discusses the emergence and development of the Kokan literary environment, as well as opinions about its founder. The impact of the literary environment of Kokan on the literary environment of Khorezm and the specific aspects of this literary phenomenon are expressed. The place of each creator in the literary movement is mentioned directly. The creations of female poets have been touched upon a little.

INTERPRETATION OF THE PRESSING PROBLEMS OF THE ERA IN THE POETRY OF MAQSUDA ERGASHEVA

Sabirdinov Akbar Gafurovich — 2024-12-13

This article covers the peculiarities of the poetry of the sensitive poet Maqsuda Ergasheva, a member of the Union of writers of Uzbekistan, and aspects specific to her artistic skills. Poetess's examples of creativity, which reflect the current themes of the era, are characterized by a smooth expression, attractive means of images, a way of folk expression. His poems, which demonstrate the rich possibilities of our language, are an invaluable property of Uzbek literature.

THE INTERPRETATION OF ARTISTIC COMPOSITIONAL POLYPHONY IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK PROSE (BASED ON THE WORKS OF UZBEK AND ENGLISH-SPEAKING WRITERS OF THE 20TH-21ST CENTURIES)

Sabirova Dilorom — 2024-12-10

This article explores the concept of artistic compositional polyphony in English and Uzbek prose, focusing on its interpretation and application in the works of 20th-21st century writers. Polyphony, as a literary device, involves the harmonious coexistence of multiple voices, perspectives, and narrative layers within a single work. By examining the creative approaches of prominent Uzbek and English-speaking authors, this study highlights the similarities and differences in their use of polyphonic techniques. The research delves into the cultural, historical, and linguistic contexts that shape the narrative structures, offering a comparative analysis of how these writers integrate diverse viewpoints into their storytelling. The findings underscore the role of compositional polyphony in enriching the narrative fabric, fostering reader engagement, and reflecting the complexities of modern human experiences.

THE ROLE OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA IN GOVERNANCE: A MODERN “FOURTH ESTATE”

Zokirova Shakhzoda Nodirjon qizi — 2024-12-18

This article explores the evolution and significance of electronic media in contemporary society, tracing its historical development from the telegraph in the 19th century to the rise of digital platforms today. It examines how various forms of electronic communication, including television, radio, and social media, have transformed information dissemination, entertainment consumption, and cultural exchange. The discussion highlights the profound impact of electronic media on public opinion, societal norms, and political discourse, as well as its essential roles in education and socialization. Moreover, the article highlights mass media as “the fourth estate” in the government and demonstrates the impact of it to the governance. Ultimately, it underscores the necessity of understanding electronic media’s dynamics to navigate its complexities and leverage its potential for positive societal influence. The remarks are exemplified on the basis of some countries.

LEXICAL PROBLEMS OF LITERARY TRANSLATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF “TWILIGHT” NOVELS BY STEPHANIE MEYER)

Ochilova S.O. — 2024-12-13

In this article, we examine lexical challenges of proper names in translating Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight novels between Uzbek and English languages. It demonstrates how language differs across changes in proper names, and how these variations contribute to language forming its unique identity. Twilight as a case study, the research investigates strategies for balancing linguistic fidelity. The findings reveal that English significantly influences modern Uzbek vocabulary, particularly in the fantasy genre, and offer broader insights into the dynamics of literary translation in a globalized world.

UNDERSTANDING NOMINALIZATION IN MANIPURI: FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVES

Dr. Rahul Thampy — 2024-12-01

This study investigates the functions of nominalized forms in the Manipuri language, focusing on their syntactic and semantic roles within sentence structure. Nominalization, the process of transforming verbs or adjectives into nouns, is a key grammatical feature in Manipuri, which contributes to sentence formation, discourse structure, and meaning construction. Through a detailed functional linguistic analysis, the research examines how nominalized forms are used to convey specific nuances of agency, action, and state, as well as their role in forming complex noun phrases and gerund constructions. The study also highlights the interplay between nominalization and other grammatical categories such as tense, aspect, and case marking. By analyzing data from native speakers and formal texts, this paper provides insights into the strategic use of nominalized forms in Manipuri to express a variety of syntactic functions and pragmatic meanings. The findings reveal that nominalization in Manipuri is not only a morphological transformation but also a critical mechanism for organizing and conveying information in a variety of communicative contexts.

MAVIZA IN THE WORKS OF NAVOI

Marvarid Nurbaeva — 2024-12-12

This article delves into the significance of pand, nasihat, and ogit, specifically in the form of maviza, within Alisher Navoi's works. It encompasses an analysis of numerous compositions attributed to the poet. In this article, we have made efforts to illuminate our interpretations under the title “Maviza in Navoi's Creativity,” based on the insights of prominent Navoi scholars.

COMMUNICATIVE, PRAGMATIC, COGNITIVE AND STYLISTIC FUNCTIONS OF ARTISTIC TEXT

Ubaydullaeva Madina Bakhtiyorovna — 2024-12-12

This article examines the problem of the main basic and secondary functions of a literary text from the point of view of the anthropocentric paradigm. It also examines the problems of functionalism, artistic discourse and the main differences between the basic and secondary functions of a literary text.

CREATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERCULTURAL PROFESSIONAL SKILLS OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS THROUGH TEACHING COMPETENCE

Elova Umida Ruzimurodovna — 2024-12-25

In an increasingly globalized world, intercultural professional skills have become essential for technical university students, equipping them to navigate diverse workplaces and collaborate effectively across cultures. However, traditional technical education often lacks an emphasis on developing these skills. This study explores the role of creative teaching competence in fostering intercultural professional skills among students in technical universities. The objective of the study is to examine innovative teaching strategies that enhance students' cultural adaptability, communication, and teamwork abilities, which are crucial in multicultural professional environments. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through surveys, interviews, and classroom observations involving both students and faculty members. Key findings reveal that incorporating creative teaching techniques, such as project-based learning, role-playing, and multicultural case studies, significantly enhances students' intercultural competencies. Additionally, the study identifies challenges faced by educators in implementing these strategies, including curriculum limitations and a lack of training in multicultural pedagogy.

DECONSTRUCTION THEORY: WHO WAS JACQUES DERRIDA?

Ruzimurodova Fariza Dustmurod kizi — 2024-12-18

Jacques Derrida born Jackie Élie Derrida was a French philosopher. He developed the philosophy of deconstruction which he utilized in a number of his texts, and which was developed through close readings of the linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure He is one of the major figures associated with post-structuralism.

During his career, Derrida published over 40 books, together with hundreds of essays and public presentations. He has had a significant influence on the humanities and social sciences, including philosophy, literature, law, anthropology, historiography, applied linguistics, sociolinguistics, psychoanalysis, music, architecture, and political theory.

ANALYSIS OF TONI MORRISON'S WORKS IN LINGUISTICS

Khakimkhodjayev Nodir Narimonovich — 2024-12-10

This article attempts to reveal Toni Morrison's works from a linguistic perspective. Morrison's creative style, the writer's chosen means of expression, word usage, and imagery system are analyzed linguistically. The writer's works reflect African-American culture and history, explore ethnic identity, and explore social issues through language. The article emphasizes the relevance of Morrison's works for modern linguistic research and offers new scientific views on her creative approaches. The metaphors, unique dialogues, and aesthetic elevation of language used in Morrison's works are also discussed, highlighting their role in linguistics.

AUTOANTONYMY AND ENANTIOSEMY: A COMPARATIVE LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF OPPOSITIONAL MEANINGS IN LANGUAGE

Sirojiddin Sotvoldiev — 2024-12-25

The linguistic phenomena of autoantonymy and enantiosemy, both involving contradictory meanings within a single word or phrase, have been subjects of much debate and research in the fields of semantics and translation studies. While both phenomena share an element of oppositional meanings, they differ in their structure and origins. This paper explores the concepts of autoantonymy and enantiosemy, offering a comparative analysis of how these concepts manifest across languages, with a specific focus on Arabic.

TRENDS IN TERM RESEARCH IN MODERN LINGUISTICS

Mirmukhsin Yuldashev Munavvarjon ugli — 2024-12-14

Throughout its history, the term has been considered by scientists from different points of view. Despite a large number of works on terminology, many problems concerning the term are still unsolved. No researcher has a monopoly on truth, so terminological work must continue. Terminology as a special field of knowledge is attracting more and more attention from researchers. This is explained by the international nature of modern scientific knowledge, caused by the processes of integration and, as a result, the desire to unify terms as a way to overcome language barriers in various spheres of socio-linguistic activity. Linguistic terminology reflects the conceptual apparatus of various national scientific traditions, linguistic trends and schools, as well as the linguistic theories of individual authors.Terminology as a special field of knowledge attracts all more attention from researchers. This is due to the international the nature of modern scientific knowledge, caused by the processes integration and, as a result, the desire for the unification of terms as a way overcoming language barriers in various areas of socio-cultural activities.

THE ROLE OF MULTIMEDIA IN LANGUAGE LEARNING

Dilfuza Gaziyeva — 2024-12-10

In the context of rapid digitalization in education, multimedia technologies have become a crucial tool in language learning. This study examines the role of multimedia in the educational process, explores modern approaches to its application, and identifies advantages such as enhanced motivation, individualized learning, and access to authentic materials. It also discusses methods of integrating multimedia into teaching, including interactive platforms and immersive technologies. The article highlights challenges related to technical issues and cognitive overload, as well as prospects for developing multimedia-based learning with the incorporation of artificial intelligence and virtual reality. The study emphasizes the need for further research and methodological recommendations for the effective integration of multimedia into educational practices.

ROLE OF LEXICAL COHESIVE ELEMENTS IN WRITTEN DISCOURSE

Gulbakhor Abdukadyrova — 2024-12-18

The goal of this study is to determine how lexical elements affect writing quality, make understandable to the reader and differences of using them in descriptive and narrative essays. The investigation includes essays of second year students in the field of ESL and finds the most dominant lexical cohesion by analyzing the relationship between types of the essays and coherence and consistency based on reiteration (repetition, synonym, near-synonym, superordinate and meronym) and collocation as well.

PEOPLE IN SEARCH OF THEMSELVES

Nurafshon Oripova — 2024-12-13

This article discusses the disclosure of the image of a woman in modern Uzbek literature, in particular in the stories and tales of Nazar Eshonkul. Based on the analysis of several stories of the writer, the image of a woman who is obedient and faithful to her values, depicted in Uzbek literature, is described.

NARRATIVE THROUGH TYPOGRAPHY: A STUDY OF GRAPHOLOGICAL FOREGROUNDING IN PURPLE HIBISCUS

Adamma Babangida — 2024-12-04

This study explores the use of graphological foregrounding in Chimamanda Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus and its impact on narrative structure, characterization, and thematic expression. Graphological foregrounding, the manipulation of typographical elements such as font, spacing, and punctuation, serves as a significant tool in highlighting critical moments in the novel. This research examines how these visual choices reflect the psychological states of characters, especially the protagonist Kambili, and emphasize pivotal moments of tension, emotional turmoil, and transformation. Through a detailed analysis of key passages, the study illustrates how Adichie employs graphological foregrounding to enhance the reader’s emotional engagement and deepen the thematic exploration of power, control, and personal freedom. The findings suggest that these stylistic choices not only enrich the narrative but also invite readers to reconsider the boundaries between the verbal and the visual in literary texts.

TERMINOLOGICAL DICTIONARIES RELATED TO LINGUISTICS

Ixtiyor Ermatov — 2024-12-18

This article discusses the attempts to create the first linguistic dictionaries in Uzbek linguistics, the first linguistic dictionaries, the structure of linguistic dictionaries and the provision of dictionary articles in them, and the issues of compiled dictionaries related to the field of linguistics. Linguistics dictionaries serve as illustrative material of the article.

THE CRITERIA FOR THE FORMATION OF SPEECH CULTURE IN THE EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT OF UZBEK LINGUISTICS

SATTAROV Khairullo Rozzokovich — 2024-12-12

This article analyzes the criteria for the formation of speech culture in the evolutionary development of Uzbek linguistics, as well as the interrelated aspects between language and speech.

DIVERSE OUTCOMES OF TRANSLATIONS OF LITERARY WORKS BETWEEN LANGUAGES OF VARIOUS LANGUAGE FAMILIES

Sadinov Oybek — 2024-12-15

The translation of literary works between languages belonging to diverse language families, such as Indo-European, Uralic, and Afro-Asiatic, presents unique challenges and opportunities. This article explores the profound impact of linguistic and cultural differences on the outcomes of such translations, emphasizing the complex interplay between semantic equivalence, stylistic fidelity, and cultural adaptation. By examining specific case studies, including translations of poetry, novels, and plays, this study highlights the nuanced strategies employed by translators to bridge linguistic gaps and cultural disparities. Key methods include comparative analysis of syntax, semantics, and cultural references, as well as an evaluation of the creative liberties taken to preserve the literary essence of the source text. The analysis underscores the critical role of cultural context in shaping translation decisions, illustrating how translators navigate idiomatic expressions, metaphorical language, and culturally specific elements. These findings not only deepen our understanding of linguistic diversity but also reveal the transformative potential of literary translation as a means of fostering intercultural dialogue. The study concludes with reflections on the implications for translation theory and practice, advocating for a more holistic approach that considers both linguistic and cultural dimensions to achieve meaningful cross-cultural literary exchanges.

INTERACTIVE TEACHING METHODS IN DISTANCE LEARNING: IMPACT ON STUDENTS' SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY

Fotima Toshpulatova — 2024-12-11

This article analyzes the importance of using interactive methods in the process of distance learning and their effectiveness. The role of modern technologies and pedagogical approaches in involving students in scientific activities is revealed. The positive impact of interactive methods on the development of students' creativity and independent thinking skills, as well as increasing interest in scientific research, is also highlighted. The article also contains practical recommendations on the use of interactive methods in distance learning.

ESTIMATION OF YARN DEFORMATION

Akramov Abduvali Mamatkhanovich — 2024-12-25

This article describes a new method for assessing yarn deformation in the contact zone with a cylindrical surface that was studied in the possibility of obtaining yarn deformation properties in close conditions in simple conditions. In addition, the article highlights the analysis of the possibility of observing the pattern of deformation of the fibers of the surface layer of the yarn when changing its tension using a transparent cylindrical surface microscope.