American Journal of Philological Sciences

Speech Acts In Religious Discourse And Their Pragmatic Functions

2026-01-15T09:43:13+00:00

This article analyzes speech acts in religious discourse and their pragmatic functions based on a linguopragmatic approach. Drawing on the theoretical perspectives of scholars such as J. Austin, J. Searle, G. Leech, and T. van Dijk, the study reveals the characteristics of the realization of locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts in religious speech. Through illustrative examples, the moral-philosophical, normative, emotive, appellative, and identificational functions of speech acts in religious discourse are examined, and their communicative significance in strengthening faith and shaping religious consciousness is substantiated.

Manuscript Heritage and Poetic Worldview of Mutrib Xonaxarob: Textual Tradition, Enlightenment Thought, and Literary-Aesthetic Renewal in Uzbek Classical Literature

2026-01-01T02:14:11+00:00

This article presents a comprehensive, publication-ready study of the manuscript heritage, poetic worldview, and literary-aesthetic significance of Mutrib Xonaxarob within the broader context of Uzbek classical literature. Relying strictly on archival manuscripts and scholarly works listed in the provided references, the research undertakes an in-depth textual, historical, and theoretical analysis of Mutrib Xonaxarob’s oeuvre, particularly his devons preserved in manuscript collections and his major narrative poems. The study situates Mutrib Xonaxarob within the intellectual and cultural currents of enlightenment-oriented thinking, examining how ethical didacticism, philosophical reflection, and poetic innovation intersect in his works. Special attention is devoted to the role of manuscript transmission, the variability of textual witnesses, and the implications of these factors for understanding authorial intent and literary meaning. Through extensive elaboration, the article explores the poet’s narrative structures, symbolic imagery, aesthetic principles, and contribution to the renewal of poetic images in classical Uzbek literature. The methodology combines manuscript description, comparative textual reading, and literary-theoretical interpretation grounded in tazkira traditions and modern philological scholarship. The findings demonstrate that Mutrib Xonaxarob’s creativity represents a crucial link between classical poetic conventions and evolving enlightenment ideals, reflecting a dynamic literary consciousness rather than static imitation. The discussion further addresses limitations inherent in manuscript-based research and outlines future prospects for interdisciplinary and comparative studies. Overall, the article argues that Mutrib Xonaxarob should be understood not merely as a regional poet but as an important figure whose works embody broader processes of cultural continuity and renewal in Central Asian literary history.

Development Trends Of Modern Chinese Terminology

2026-01-15T07:09:40+00:00

In lexicological researches, terms are commonly regarded as words and phrases belonging to a specialized domain of usage. In this study, the concept of "term" is based on the following features, which, in our view, are sufficient to distinguish a term from a general-use word. A term is a linguistic unit (a word or a phrase) specific to a specialized domain of usage. A term is the designation of a specialized object or concept. It is a designation that corresponds to a definition that precisely and clearly reflects the content of the respective concept, highlighting such distinctive features that make it possible to differentiate one concept from another and, at the same time, place the given concept in a specific classification system. Terminology is defined as a system of terms in a particular field of science, correlated with a system of concepts. Each conceptual system corresponds to a specific system of terms. Terminological systems evolve with the development of science.

The most common shortcomings observed in terminology include polysemy (multiple meanings) and duplication (doublets). The presence of doublets in terminology not only complicates the assimilation of field-specific vocabulary but also creates difficulties in mutual understanding among specialists. While synonymy and polysemy enrich the language and expand its expressive capabilities, polysemy and duplication are considered fundamental flaws in terminology. When discussing the organization of terminology, the following terms are often used: standardization, unification, and harmonization. Although the creation of terms based primarily on native language sources and resources is considered justified, the rapid development of scientific fields today has led to the widespread adoption of many international or borrowed words, particularly in terminology.

In The Diachronic Aspect Of Stylistic Devices Used In The Works Of Alisher Navai

2026-01-14T13:03:08+00:00

This article is devoted specifically to the translation mechanisms of stylistic devices in the ghazals of Alisher Navoi. We have displayed by this article the translation mechanisms of classic literature including artistic art involve the study of the vocabulary of the ghazal, analysis of the ghazal, which a scholar of Alisher Navoi studies and a good knowledge of source and target languages. In addition, the poet must use an appropriate stylistic devices theory and methodology to prove the adequacy of his ghazals to the meaning. So, the article shows how presents the artistic arts used in ghazals and their analysis. Moreover, in which verse, what stylistic devices are used and what meaning they come from is shown.

An Analysis of Inner Human Experience Via the Concepts Of Happiness, Love, And Friendship

2026-01-11T15:01:00+00:00

In recent decades, theoretical linguistics has produced a number of successful studies, and the investigation of modern linguistics together with its newly emerging fields has become a focal point of scholarly attention. Within this context, cognitive linguistics – derived from cognitive science – treats language as the primary material through which the mind is studied. The present article examines the conceptualization of the human inner world through the concepts of happiness, love, and friendship, with special attention to their linguistic realization in Uzbek and English discourse. The notion of concept is discussed as a multi-layered cognitive formation whose scope exceeds that of a dictionary “notion,” since it encodes culturally shared knowledge and evaluative experience. Love is approached as an empirical emotion and an evaluative attitude, and its interpretations are described through everyday, general-philosophical, and artistic manifestations. The analysis draws on Uzbek literary material (including examples associated with Abdulla Qahhor’s Muhabbat) and paremiological data, while also engaging English-language evidence. Happiness is further explored through etymological and lexical-semantic observations, including synonymic clusters and culturally salient associations. Friendship is discussed as an affective and ethical construct interconnected with love and “heart/soul” lexemes, revealing conceptual overlap and pragmatic nuance. Overall, the study argues that inner-world concepts are shaped by cultural models, lexical-semantic fields, and discourse patterns, and that cross-linguistic comparison helps reveal both universal and culture-specific conceptual features.

Loanwords And Lexical Borrowing: Cultural And Linguistic Perspectives

2026-01-15T09:48:13+00:00

Lexical borrowing constitutes one of the most visible mechanisms through which languages expand, adapt, and reflect cultural interaction. As societies participate in trade, technology, migration, and digital communication, language contact becomes inevitable, leading to the integration of foreign lexical items—loanwords—into the recipient lexicon. This study examines lexical borrowing from cultural and linguistic perspectives by analyzing how loanwords enter a language, what semantic, phonological, and morphological adaptations they undergo, and how cultural prestige and identity influence borrowing trends. The findings demonstrate that lexical borrowing is neither random nor solely linguistic, but a socially motivated process that documents cultural history, technological progress, and shifting ideological values. The study concludes that understanding borrowing patterns contributes to a deeper comprehension of lexical change and language evolution in globalized contexts.

Somatic Proverbs And Their Synonymy: A Comparative Study Of English And Uzbek

2026-01-08T09:22:42+00:00

Somatic proverbs represent an important segment of phraseological units in many languages, as they are formed on the basis of body-part terms and human physical experience. Such proverbs reflect not only linguistic structures but also cultural values, national mentality, and cognitive models shared by speech communities. This article provides an extended analysis of somatic proverbs with particular emphasis on their synonymy. Special attention is paid to the comparative study of English and Uzbek somatic proverbs. The paper examines theoretical approaches proposed by well-known linguists, illustrates the ideas with numerous examples, and reveals similarities and differences in the use of somatic components across the two languages.

Fa’’ol Borrowings In Old Uzbek Language

2026-01-15T09:38:16+00:00

In this article, among the words borrowed from Arabic into Uzbek, the verbs in the fa'ol meter and many words derived from them are analyzed. Also, lexemes that entered the Uzbek language from Arabic and their use in their original and borrowed meanings, as well as the place of use of these lexemes and expressions, their lexical-semantic features, were investigated based on examples.

Improving The English Language Curriculum for Tourism Specialists Based on A Competency-Based Approach

2026-01-14T13:05:58+00:00

This article proposes a competency-based redesign of the English language curriculum for tourism specialists. Drawing on competency-based language teaching (CBLT), ESP/ETP research and tourism curriculum studies, it combines document analysis with design-oriented curriculum development. A framework of core, professional and transversal competences is articulated and mapped to sample modules, learning outcomes and performance-based assessment tasks. The findings highlight how a competency-based approach can align Tourism English education with workplace needs and enhance graduates’ employability and communicative readiness.

Metacognition in languages learning

2026-01-14T13:00:19+00:00

Metacognition in language learning is a vital aspect of the learning process that enables learners to become more aware of their own cognitive processes, thus improving their ability to plan, monitor, and evaluate their learning strategies. This article explores the concept of metacognition, its significance in language acquisition, and the various metacognitive strategies that can be employed to enhance the effectiveness of learning a new language. By reviewing existing literature and providing practical insights, the article emphasizes how metacognition can facilitate better retention, deeper understanding, and more efficient language use. The relationship between metacognition and language proficiency is discussed, along with the challenges that learners may face and how teachers can foster metacognitive awareness in their classrooms. Ultimately, the article proposes that incorporating metacognitive strategies into language learning not only helps learners become more autonomous but also promotes lifelong learning skills.

The Evolution Of Analytical Genres In Modern Media

2026-01-08T09:35:47+00:00

This article provides a comprehensive academic analysis of the evolution of analytical genres in journalism, emphasizing their historical development, theoretical foundations, and contemporary transformations within global media systems. The research follows the IMRAD framework and applies qualitative analytical methods to examine how analytical genres adapt to digital communication environments. The findings demonstrate that analytical genres remain a crucial instrument for interpreting complex social, political, and cultural processes in the era of globalization.