American Journal of Philological Sciences

The Intonation Of The Uzbek Language In The Context Of Digital Technologies: Analysis, Modelling, And Applications

2026-02-10T13:17:53+00:00

The intonational system of the Uzbek language, a major Turkic language spoken by about 35 million people, is thoroughly examined in this essay as it relates to the revolutionary field of digital technology. While Uzbek intonation's phonological functions and syntactic correlations have been established by traditional linguistic scholarship, the digital paradigm presents new approaches, difficulties, and wide-ranging applications for its analysis, computational modelling, and deployment. In order to clarify how cutting-edge methods—such as large-scale annotated corpora, machine learning (ML), deep neural networks (DNNs), text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis, automatic speech recognition (ASR), and large language models (LLMs)—are radically changing the understanding and application of Uzbek prosody, this study integrates insights from phonetics, corpus linguistics, computational linguistics, and speech technology. We contend that a synergistic, multidisciplinary strategy that closely combines in-depth empirical phonetic analysis with advanced computer modelling is necessary for the creation of linguistically accurate, natural-sounding, and socially inclusive digital applications for Uzbek. The paper also looks at important applications in human-computer interface (HCI), assistive technologies, dialectal preservation, and computer-assisted language learning (CALL). The special difficulties presented by Uzbek's agglutinative morphology, comparatively free word order, and notable dialectal differences in intonation patterns—all of which need for specialized solutions different from those for Indo-European languages—are highlighted. We wrap up by providing a research roadmap, highlighting the necessity of extensive, publicly accessible digital resources to maintain the language's vitality and technical sovereignty in the twenty-first century.

Expressions Of Belief And Tradition In English Wedding Phraseology

2026-02-23T02:45:00+00:00

This article explores the reflection of beliefs and traditions in English phraseological units related to weddings. It examines how seasonal, monthly, and weekly choices for marriage are culturally significant, as well as the symbolic importance of colors and idiomatic expressions in wedding customs. Phraseological units, including proverbs, idioms, and metaphors, are analyzed for their semantic layers and cultural meanings, revealing insights into English cultural mentality, ethical norms, and value systems.

Linguoculturological Conceptualization Of Language, Text, And Meaning In English And Uzbek Discourses

2026-02-02T03:44:23+00:00

Linguoculturology has emerged as one of the most influential interdisciplinary paradigms in contemporary linguistics, integrating cultural studies, cognitive linguistics, semiotics, and discourse analysis in order to explain how language encodes, preserves, and transmits culturally significant meanings. This article explores the theoretical, methodological, and applied dimensions of linguoculturology through a systematic and in depth engagement with the foundational and applied works of Sabitova, Telia, Nurmonov, Mahmudov, Maslova, Slyshkin, Pimenova, Salieva, Artemova, Mohiraxon, and Tursunboeva. Drawing on both Russian and Central Asian traditions of linguistic thought, the study investigates how linguistic units such as words, phraseological expressions, texts, and discourse function as carriers of national and cultural conceptualizations. Particular emphasis is placed on the notion of concept as the central analytical category of linguoculturology, and on the role of precedent texts, symbolic language, and culturally marked expressions in shaping collective consciousness. Using a qualitative, text based comparative approach, the article examines how English and Uzbek linguistic systems encode cultural values through conceptual structures, phraseology, metaphor, and stylistic devices. The methodology integrates theoretical synthesis, interpretive analysis of linguistic data, and comparative discourse evaluation. The findings demonstrate that linguistic meaning cannot be adequately explained without reference to culturally embedded conceptual frameworks, and that both English and Uzbek exhibit rich systems of cultural coding that reflect their historical experiences, social norms, and worldview structures. The discussion situates these findings within broader debates in humanities and social sciences, highlighting implications for translation, education, intercultural communication, and professional language training. The article concludes that linguoculturology offers a powerful framework for understanding language as a cultural phenomenon and provides a necessary bridge between linguistic form and human experience.

Helping Military Trainees To Develop English Proficiency Through Technology-Enhanced Online Learning

2026-02-14T03:01:09+00:00

The increasing involvement of military personnel in multinational operations has intensified the demand for effective English language proficiency in professional and operational contexts. This study investigates the role of information and communication technologies (ICT) and artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing English language learning among military trainees through online and technology-enhanced instruction. Using a mixed-methods research design, the study combines quantitative performance data with qualitative evidence from surveys, interviews, and classroom observations. The results indicate that ICT-supported and AI-assisted learning environments significantly improve communicative competence, learner motivation, autonomy, and the acquisition of military-specific vocabulary, particularly in listening and speaking skills. Interactive digital platforms, mobile learning applications, and adaptive AI tools promote sustained engagement by providing personalized feedback and flexible access to learning materials. In addition, immersive technologies such as augmented and virtual reality effectively simulate authentic military communication scenarios. Overall, the findings confirm that the strategic integration of ICT and AI enhances the effectiveness of English language training in military education and supports international cooperation and operational readiness.

Mutual Translation Of Abstract Nouns In Russian And Uzbek Literary Texts

2026-02-10T13:12:29+00:00

This article examines the issues of mutual translation of abstract nouns in Russian and Uzbek literary texts from the perspectives of linguistics and translation studies. The semantic characteristics of abstract concepts, their national and cultural specificity, as well as their functional and stylistic roles in literary discourse are analyzed. The study identifies lexical, semantic, and pragmatic difficulties that arise in the process of translating abstract nouns from Russian into Uzbek and vice versa. Particular attention is paid to the problems of equivalence, adequacy, and contextual dependence in translation. The results of the research contribute to the further development of the theory of literary translation and contrastive linguistics.

The Role And Importance Of Pedagogical Rhetoric In Linguistics

2026-02-21T16:45:16+00:00

Pedagogical rhetoric represents a significant interdisciplinary field that integrates linguistics, pedagogy, psychology, and communication studies. This article provides an expanded analysis of the role and importance of pedagogical rhetoric within linguistics, emphasizing its theoretical foundations, functional characteristics, and practical relevance in language education. Special attention is paid to the relationship between rhetorical competence and communicative competence, the role of discourse strategies in educational interaction, and the contribution of pedagogical rhetoric to the formation of speech culture. The study demonstrates that pedagogical rhetoric not only enhances teaching effectiveness but also enriches linguistic research by focusing on pragmatic, cognitive, and sociocultural dimensions of language use.

The Philosophical And Psychological Structure Of M. A. Bulgakov’s Novel «The Master And Margarita»

2026-02-13T06:57:01+00:00

This article explores the philosophical and psychological structure of M. A. Bulgakov’s novel «The Master and Margarita» with a focus on the interaction between metaphysical ideas and the inner world of the characters. The study examines how ethical conflict, existential choice, and psychological tension shape the artistic integrity of the novel. Particular attention is paid to the figures of Pontius Pilate and Margarita, whose inner transformations reveal different models of moral responsibility and personal freedom. The analysis demonstrates that Bulgakov constructs a complex philosophical system in which psychological reality becomes a key mechanism for revealing the author’s vision of good and evil, guilt and redemption. The novel is interpreted as a holistic philosophical narrative where inner experience and ethical decision-making play a decisive role in the formation of meaning.

Cultural Symbols And Their Influence On Anthropomorphism In The Languages

2026-02-09T12:33:08+00:00

From a cognitive, linguistic, and cultural standpoint, this article investigates how cultural symbols impact anthropomorphism in language. The similarities and differences between anthropomorphic expressions in Uzbek and English are compared and analyzed. Anthropomorphism is understood as a fundamental cognitive process of human thought as well as a stylistic or artistic device. The study emphasizes how language, culture, belief, and historical experience are all interconnected. It also looks at contemporary examples of anthropomorphism in media, technology, politics, and advertising. The results show that anthropomorphism is a universal but culturally particular feature of human thought.

The Formation And Theoretical Interpretation Of The Category Of The Tragic In Ancient Aesthetics

2026-02-20T11:36:46+00:00

This article examines the formation and interpretation of the category of the tragic in ancient Greek aesthetic thought. Greek tragedy is recognized as the earliest artistic expression of the tragic. The views of Plato and Aristotle are analyzed and comparatively examined with regard to their approaches to tragedy. Plato considers tragedy primarily as a socio-ethical issue concerning the education of citizens and the state, and therefore rejects literary works that arouse excessive pity and fear. Aristotle, by contrast, defines tragedy as a genre that represents a serious and complete action through human speech and action, emphasizing catharsis as a purifying emotional process and an important pedagogical factor. In classical tragedies such as Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex, Aeschylus’ Prometheus Bound, and Euripides’ Medea, the tragic manifests itself through themes of fate, error, guilt, and inevitable catastrophe. Modern scholars (G. N. Pospelov, A. F. Losev, and others) have further analyzed the role of tragedy within aesthetic and axiological frameworks. The findings demonstrate that in ancient aesthetic thought, the tragic emerged as a fundamental category expressing ontological contradictions between human beings and fate, articulated through various literary forms.

Applying The Results Of Contrastive Linguistics In Pedagogical Lexicography: New Semantic Approaches For Bilingual Dictionaries

2026-02-11T12:04:48+00:00

Pedagogical bilingual dictionaries are expected to do more than provide translation equivalents: they must support comprehension, accurate production, and the gradual formation of lexical and grammatical competence in learners who operate between two linguistic systems. Traditional bilingual lexicography often treats equivalence as a stable word-to-word relation and represents meaning through short glosses, while contrastive linguistics repeatedly demonstrates that cross-language correspondences are frequently partial, context-dependent, and shaped by differences in semantic segmentation, collocational norms, pragmatic conventions, and culture-specific conceptualization. This article argues that the most productive way to modernize bilingual pedagogical dictionaries is to convert contrastive linguistic results into explicit semantic design principles: a contrastive sense inventory, an “equivalence gradient” (full/partial/functional/zero equivalence), frame-informed meaning explanations, corpus-based collocational templates, and learner-oriented usage warnings that directly target typical interference and errors. The results indicate that contrastive-semantic modeling reduces ambiguity in polysemy alignment, improves learners’ productive choices, and increases the dictionary’s diagnostic value as a tool for preventing negative transfer.

The Use Of Nostalgic Lexical Items In Fiction

2026-02-09T11:47:49+00:00

This article examines the use of nostalgic lexical units in fiction and analyzes their functional-semantic, axiological, and psycholinguistic characteristics. Nostalgic units are linguistic means that evoke warm and joyful memories of the past in human consciousness, thereby enhancing the emotional impact of a literary text. Using Utkir Hoshimov’s Dunyoning ishlari as the primary material, the study explores the functions of nostalgic lexical units in the text and their artistic-aesthetic load. The article also considers issues arising in translation, including cultural differences, and offers an analysis based on a linguocultural approach.

Occasionalisms In The Poetry Of Eshqobil Shukur

2026-02-17T11:28:08+00:00

This article examines the work of Eshqobil Shukur, in particular, the features of the artistic language in his poetic works, the occasional units found in the poet's poetry, their semantic peculiarities in the language, artistic functions and stylistic significance, identifies the poetic nature of occasional units in the poet's poetry and their semantic, stylistic and aesthetic functions, and examines the poet's individual linguistic creativity.

Character Evolution In Psychological Analysis

2026-02-10T13:21:58+00:00

This article places special emphasis on the mastery of character creation in the works of Joyce and Isajon Sulton. As a result, it is demonstrated that the truth of life is transformed into artistic truth. The article also discusses each writer individually and identifies the mode through which the human psyche is explored.

A Linguistic And Pragmatic Analysis Of Birthday Greetings In Uzbek Women’s Speech

2026-02-24T07:16:57+00:00

This study provides a comprehensive linguistic and pragmatic analysis of birthday congratulatory discourse in Uzbek women’s speech within the framework of gender linguistics, discourse theory, and sociopragmatic inquiry. Utilizing qualitative discourse analysis and supplementary survey data, the research examines the structural and functional features of congratulatory texts addressed to mothers, husbands, and sons. The analysis foregrounds emotional‑expressive lexis, evaluative vocabulary, metaphorical imagery, and the use of collective and affective forms as key discursive devices.

The findings indicate that Uzbek women’s birthday greetings are systematically oriented toward solidarity, emotional support, moral guidance, and the reinforcement of family values. These communicative strategies function not merely as conventional ritual rhetoric but as performative speech acts that construct gendered identities and negotiate culturally embedded social norms. The study contributes to the fields of gender linguistics and pragmatic discourse studies by highlighting how ceremonial language reflects and reproduces socio‑cultural value systems within a national context. Implications for cross‑cultural discourse analysis and gendered communicative behavior are discussed.

The Role Of Eponyms In Scientific Terminology And Their Principles Of Development

2026-02-07T01:44:16+00:00

Eponyms occupy a significant place in scientific terminology as linguistic units derived from the names of scholars, researchers, or historical figures who made substantial contributions to the development of science. They serve not only as nominative tools but also as markers of scientific heritage, continuity, and intellectual recognition. This abstract examines the role of eponyms in the formation and standardization of scientific terminology, highlighting their cognitive, cultural, and communicative functions. Particular attention is given to the principles governing their development, including motivation, internationalization, stability, and adaptation to modern terminological systems. The study emphasizes that while eponyms enrich scientific language, their use requires systematic regulation to ensure clarity, consistency, and intercultural comprehensibility in contemporary scientific discourse.

Analysis Of The Differences Between Formal And Informal Styles In The Language, Their Linguistic Structures, And Communicative Purposes

2026-02-14T20:40:24+00:00

This article analyzes, from a scientific perspective, the linguistic and pragmatic differences between formal and informal styles in the Chinese language. Through its formal and informal styles, Chinese demonstrates how language is used in accordance with the communicative context. The article examines differences in word choice, syntax, and verb usage in both styles, as well as grammatical and morphological structures. In Chinese, the formal style is typically used in professional, governmental, and academic settings and serves to express respect and social status. The informal style, on the other hand, is used in close interactions among friends and family members, where the language is simple and sincere. The article highlights the importance of understanding these differences for linguistics and intercultural communication. This study helps learners of Chinese and linguists gain a deeper understanding of the social and pragmatic aspects of the language.

Chronotope, Intertext, And The Shaping Of Interior Worlds: A Comparative Narratological Study

2026-02-10T13:15:32+00:00

Literary interiority—encompassing psyche, memory, and identity—is not a static reflection of character but a dynamic construct shaped by narrative form. This study examines how chronotopes (Bakhtin’s time-space condensations) and intertextual relations (Genette’s hypertextual transformations) co-constitute subjective experience across evolving genres, addressing a gap in narratology where these mechanisms are typically analyzed in isolation. A comparative narratological analysis was conducted on a purposive corpus of texts spanning prose, graphic novels, and film adaptations, using a replicable dual-axis coding matrix (chronotope × intertextuality). Narrative segments were systematically annotated for time-space motifs and textual relations, with high inter-coder reliability ensuring robustness. Three dominant framing constellations emerged—Mythic-Cosmic Fusion, Cyclical-Memorial Reconfiguration, and Fragmented-Empathetic Thresholds—collectively accounting for nearly all observed variance in interiority effects. Specific pairings consistently predicted distinct psychological outcomes: transcendence-in-crisis, resilient renewal, and empathic immersion. Chronotope and intertext do not merely frame inner worlds—they engineer them. The resulting model reveals genre evolution as a process of psychic modulation and provides predictive tools with applications in literary analysis, cognitive studies, and therapeutic narrative design.

Structural And Semantic Properties Of Somatic Idioms In English And Uzbek

2026-02-23T02:42:07+00:00

This article examines the structural and semantic properties of somatic idioms in English and Uzbek. Somatic idioms, which include lexical units referring to parts of the human body, represent an important component of phraseological systems in many languages. The study analyzes their grammatical patterns, semantic motivations, figurative meanings, and cross-cultural similarities and differences. The research is based on comparative linguistic analysis of selected idioms from English and Uzbek phraseological dictionaries and scholarly studies. The findings demonstrate both universal cognitive mechanisms and culturally specific features in the formation and use of somatic idioms. The paper contributes to contrastive linguistics, phraseology, and intercultural communication studies.

The Theme Of The Motherland In The Works Of Shavkat Rahmon

2026-02-13T06:59:27+00:00

This article examines the poetic and philosophical essence, ideological and artistic characteristics, and the role of the theme of the Motherland in shaping national consciousness in the works of one of the prominent representatives of modern Uzbek poetry, Shavkat Rahmon. The study demonstrates that in the poet’s creative output, the concept of the Motherland transcends geographical or political boundaries and emerges as a complex conceptual phenomenon closely interconnected with historical memory, national responsibility, freedom, and conscience. Furthermore, the symbolic representation of the Motherland, its relation to poetic thinking, and the worldview of the lyrical subject are substantiated through contemporary literary-theoretical approaches.

Historical Ethnography As An Artistic Medium Reflecting Real Historical Reality

2026-02-09T12:40:12+00:00

The article highlights the importance of ethnographisms as linguistic units that express the peculiarities of the people's lifestyle, history, and culture and play an important role in studying the intersections of society and language. The use of historical ethnographisms in artistic works as linguistic units that reflect the national cultural lifestyle of the Uzbek people in past eras is analyzed using the example of the works of Abdulla Qodiriy.

The Transformation Of Changes In Uzbekistan’s Education System

2026-02-20T11:41:17+00:00

This article provides a scholarly and theoretical analysis of the education system and labour market architecture issues put forward in the Addresses of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, to the Oliy Majlis and the people. The interdependence between modernising the education system, developing human capital, and training competitive personnel aligned with labour market demands is revealed.

Semantic Roles And Relations Of Constitutive Words In Communication

2026-02-11T12:07:01+00:00

It is important to remember that meaning plays a big part in human communication. As a result of this, semantics as a discipline has come under scrutiny. There is still no agreement among linguists on a single, practical definition of semantics. Numerous endless attempts to define semantics have resulted from this dispute. As a backdrop or theoretical framework, this study focuses on the semantic functions of words in a particular setting that supports extentionalist viewpoints. According to the notion, language is made up of words that are used in a certain context to improve communication among people who share the same linguistic boundaries. Given the foregoing, the research primarily examines the functions of words in communication.

Corpus Linguistics And A Mixed Monolingual–Parallel Methodology For Investigating Uzbek – English Action Verbs Synonyms

2026-02-09T12:28:16+00:00

Corpus linguistics is a branch of linguistics concerned with compiling naturally occurring language data in electronic form and analyzing it systematically. A corpus is understood as a collection of authentic texts that is sufficiently representative to support reliable generalizations about a linguistic unit or variety. The methodological value of corpora lies in their scale and authenticity, which provide extensive empirical evidence that can validate claims that might otherwise rely on subjective intuition. This empirical orientation is especially important for synonym research because near-synonyms often differ in collocation, phraseological behavior, stylistic distribution, pragmatic constraints, and evaluative meaning, distinctions that are not always visible in dictionary definitions. This paper presents a corpus-based research design for analyzing Uzbek and English action-verb synonym sets through a combined methodology: monolingual corpora are used for intralingual semantic profiling, while a custom parallel corpus is compiled for translation-equivalent analysis. The study operationalizes lexical–semantic distinctions via collocation measures (Mutual Information and t-score), multiword pattern extraction aligned with the idiom principle, semantic prosody analysis using a two-stage procedure, and reliability control through Cohen’s kappa. In addition, validity safeguards based on corpus representativeness, normalization, and dispersion are integrated into the analysis. The translation component follows corpus-based translation studies and descriptive translation studies frameworks to quantify translation equivalents, identify asymmetries, and interpret translation strategy tendencies.

The Degree Of Investigation Of The Concept "Time" In English And Karakalpak Languages

2026-02-20T01:31:01+00:00

The concept of time occupies a central place in human cognition and linguistic representation, as it reflects not only chronological measurement but also cultural values, social organization, and collective experience. This article investigates the degree of scholarly exploration of the concept of time in English and Karakalpak linguistics from a linguocognitive and linguocultural perspective. Relying on conceptual metaphor theory, comparative analysis, and cognitive linguistic methodology, the study examines grammatical, lexical, metaphorical, and paremiological realizations of time in both languages. The findings reveal that English predominantly conceptualizes time as a linear, measurable, and economically valuable resource, whereas Karakalpak represents time as a cyclical, natural, and morally significant process. Thus, the research confirms that the concept of time functions as a key element of national linguistic worldview shaped by historical, cultural, and socio-economic factors.

The Concept Of The Science Of Bayon

2026-02-10T13:24:05+00:00

This article provides a comprehensive account of the lexical and terminological essence of ʿilm al-bayān (the science of bayān). The study analyzes the Arabic origin of the term bayān, its meanings associated with clarity and explicitness, and examines it through the views of early Arab scholars—Jahiz, Rumoniy, and Abdulqohir Jurjoniy. The article also discusses the place of bayān within the science of rhetoric (balāgha) and explains in detail the types of dalāla (modes of signification) used to express meanings: verbal expression (lafz), gesture (ishora), contract (aqd), writing (xat), and situational context (holat). In addition, the paper outlines—on a scholarly basis—the set of knowledge and skills that a practitioner of bayān must possess, as indicated by Ibn al-Asir. The research reveals the important role of ʿilm al-bayān in ensuring clarity of speech, artistic expression, and rhetorical eloquence.

Linguopragmatic Analysis Of Official And Unofficial Discourses In The Context Of Urban Development

2026-02-09T11:39:29+00:00

This research paper examines the distinctive features of official and unofficial discourses within the field of urban development. It is established that lexical units in official discourse predominantly possess positive or neutral connotations (construction, design, modern, infrastructure). Such vocabulary positions urban development as a symbol of progress and qualitative transformation. Conversely, unofficial discourse is dominated by critical, emotionally charged, and negatively evaluative lexemes (demolition, congestion, dust, obstruction, concreting). This indicates the presence of a certain level of public dissatisfaction and concern regarding urban construction processes.

Interjections And Emphatic Particles As Markers Of Mirativity In Uzbek And English Languages

2026-02-14T20:46:52+00:00

This study investigates the function of interjections and emphatic particles in conveying mirativity and subtle emotional expressions in speech. Interjections act as direct indicators of surprise, amazement, or related affective conditions, whereas emphatic particles strengthen the speaker's attitude and underscore the unforeseen nature of occurrences. Through an analysis of illustrative cases from Uzbek and English, the research underscores both shared features and distinctions across languages in the representation of mirativity.