American Journal of Philological Sciences

Comparative Analysis Of Person Noun-Forming Affixes In Uzbek And English Languages

2025-11-08T11:38:23+00:00

This article presents a comparative analysis of person noun-forming affixes in Uzbek and English languages. The research examines word formation models in both languages, their structural and semantic features. Eleven active person noun-forming affix models in Uzbek and twelve models in English have been analyzed. The research findings revealed that in Uzbek, models based on nouns predominantly prevail, while in English, words are also actively formed from verbs and adjectives. Additionally, the study identified the presence of special affixes expressing gender indicators in English and specific features of prefix model participation in Uzbek. The article also compares models of other noun-forming affixes in both languages and highlights the national-cultural factors of the word formation system.

A Comparative Study Of Khorezm Folklore And The Folklore Of Turkish People

2025-11-15T10:51:52+00:00

The article discusses Uzbek folklore scholarship, particularly the establishment of Uzbek folklore studies and Professor Safarboy Ruzimbaev’s contribution to its development. The author emphasizes the importance of preserving Uzbek folklore and written literature as a unique part of the nation’s intangible cultural heritage.

Axiological Interpretation Of The Human Image In Anthropocentric Proverbs Of The Russian And Uzbek Languages

2025-11-18T13:50:31+00:00

This article examines the axiological interpretation of the human image in anthropocentric proverbs of the Russian and Uzbek languages. The study focuses on the ethical and aesthetic dimensions of human evaluation in the proverbial corpora of two distinct linguistic systems. It explores the moral and aesthetic criteria that determine positive or negative assessments of human qualities, behaviors, and character traits. The research demonstrates that axiological categories in proverbs reflect fundamental worldview orientations that shape the ethnocultural image of a person within each linguistic worldview. Special attention is paid to the bipolar nature of evaluative meanings and the universality of ethical and aesthetic ideals across cultures. The findings reveal both universal and culturally specific features of the axiological interpretation of the individual, highlighting the rich linguistic and cultural potential of proverbs as reflections of collective consciousness and moral experience.

Forging Humanity In The Void: A Comparative Analysis Of Radical Freedom And Absurdist Revolt In The Philosophies Of Sartre And Camus

2025-11-01T07:55:40+00:00

Background: The philosophical contributions of Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus represent a critical nexus in 20th-century existentialism. While often grouped together, their views on the fundamental nature of human existence diverged significantly, creating a rich and enduring debate that continues to inform contemporary thought.

Objective: This article provides a detailed comparative analysis of the concepts of human nature in the philosophies of Sartre and Camus. The study aims to move beyond common generalizations to meticulously dissect their foundational differences regarding freedom, consciousness, ethics, and revolt.

Methods: The study employs a comparative textual analysis of key philosophical and literary works by both authors. The analytical framework is structured around three core thematic pillars: (1) the ontological starting point of human existence (Sartre's "nothingness" vs. Camus's "the absurd"); (2) the characteristic human response (Sartre's "radical freedom" vs. Camus's "revolt"); and (3) the resulting ethical frameworks (Sartre's "authenticity" vs. Camus's "limits" and "solidarity"). The analysis is supported by relevant secondary scholarship [e.g., 1, 2, 3, 5, 11, 12].

Results: The analysis demonstrates that Sartre posits a human nature defined by "existence preceding essence," which condemns individuals to a radical and unbound freedom to create their own meaning and values. This freedom is accompanied by the peril of "bad faith." In stark contrast, Camus argues that the universal experience of the absurd gives rise to revolt, an act that reveals an inherent and shared human nature. This revolt establishes intrinsic moral limits, best summarized by his axiom, "I rebel, therefore we are."

Conclusion: While both Sartre and Camus champion human dignity in a meaningless universe, they offer profoundly different paths. Sartre’s humanism is rooted in absolute individual responsibility and self-creation, while Camus’s is a humanism of moderation, shared dignity, and solidarity born from a common condition. This fundamental distinction holds critical implications for contemporary ethical and political discourse.

Cognitive Linguistics In Stylistic Research

2025-11-13T09:43:33+00:00

Cognitive stylistics is distinguished by its distinctive methodology, which involves the systemic analysis of language through the lens of theories that link linguistic choices to cognitive structures and processes. Cognitive stylistics, a sub-discipline of linguistics, is the branch of the discipline concerned with the relationship between language and cognitive processes such as perception, comprehension, memory and thinking. The objective of this study is to ascertain the manner in which cognitive mechanisms influence linguistic phenomena, including text structure, the selection of linguistic devices, the utilisation of metaphors, metonymy and other linguistic techniques.

The Semantic And Functional Features Of Construction Termsystem In The Process Of Translation

2025-11-18T09:22:04+00:00

This article shed light on the basic peculiarities of construction terminology in the translation process. It is revealed that translating construction terms from the source to the target language requires not only language but also construction awareness regardless language.

The Interpretation Of Women In Oybek's Stories (On The Example Of The Story "Nur Chydrib")

2025-11-20T05:21:38+00:00

This article presents a scientific approach to the important aspects inherent in the image of women in Oybek's story "Nur chydrib", in particular, courage in overcoming ignorance and achieving enlightenment, feelings of patience and perseverance, selfless and pure love found only in Muslim women, loyalty to family, respect for loved ones, as well as patriotism.

Abbreviation As A Process Of Linguistic Economy In The Modern Lexical System

2025-11-08T10:03:51+00:00

The article examines the role and place of abbreviations in the modern lexical system of the language. It is emphasized that the active development of abbreviations is driven by the increasing information load, globalization, digitalization, and the need to accelerate communication. Various fields of their usage are analyzed, ranging from science, technology, and the military sphere to everyday speech and online communication. The paper provides examples of different types of abbreviations, including country and city names, institutional titles, professional ranks, and military terminology. The dual nature of abbreviations is highlighted: on the one hand, they enhance conciseness and efficiency of communication; on the other hand, they may hinder text comprehension due to loss of semantic information. The study concludes that abbreviations not only adapt to the language system but also influence its development, shaping new structural and stylistic models. In the context of global communication and digital technologies, their significance continues to grow, making abbreviations an important subject of linguistic research.

Development Of Professional Linguistic Competence Of Lawyers In A Bilingual Environment Through Independent Work

2025-11-14T12:09:00+00:00

This article examines the organization of independent work for law students during professionally oriented Russian language instruction, taking into account a bilingual environment (Uzbek is their native language). A set of methodological recommendations aimed at developing the linguistic and professional competence of future legal professionals is proposed. Specific forms and methods of independent work are analyzed, revealing their role in developing self-education skills and successful communication in Russian.

From Baku 1926 To Baku 2024: Continuities And Controversies In The Debate On A Common Turkic Latin Alphabet

2025-11-18T10:07:40+00:00

This article examines the historical and contemporary debates surrounding the creation of a common Latin-based alphabet for the Turkic world, taking the First Turkological Congress in Baku (1926) and the 2024 meetings of the Turkic World Common Alphabet Commission as two key milestones in a century-long process. It first revisits Umar Aliyev’s eight principles for a unified Latin alphabet—centered on one-to-one phoneme–grapheme correspondence, Latin-based symbols, minimal use of diacritics, and the avoidance of digraphs and foreign letters—and argues that these criteria remain strikingly relevant for present-day alphabet reform efforts in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and other Turkic republics. The article then analyzes the ambivalent position of Fuat Köprülü, whose diplomatic stance in Baku contrasts with his early public criticism, and later acceptance, of the Latin alphabet in Turkey, thereby illustrating the tension between ideological reservations and pragmatic cultural policy.

In the contemporary context, the study evaluates the phonological, political and sociocultural dimensions of the 34-letter Common Turkic Latin Alphabet proposed in 2024, which seeks to accommodate the sound systems of diverse Turkic languages while maintaining compatibility with the Turkish and Azerbaijani alphabets. By classifying current Turkic communities according to their use of Latin, Cyrillic and Arabic scripts, the article demonstrates how script plurality complicates linguistic unity and cultural integration. It concludes that the adoption of a shared Latin-based alphabet—rather than the specific graphic form itself—is a crucial precondition for strengthening linguistic cohesion, educational cooperation and cultural connectivity across the Turkic world.

Navigating Scientific Discourse: The Co-Construction Of Voice In Second Language Academic Writing

2025-11-12T05:36:11+00:00

This literature review examines authorial voice construction in academic writing, focusing on challenges faced by second language (L2) writers, particularly Uzbek students. Voice, a multidimensional concept encompassing individual, social, and dialogic aspects, remains crucial yet problematic in academic discourse. The study addresses two research questions: identifying features contributing to voice construction and factors influencing voice presentation. Through critical analysis of empirical studies, the review examines Hyland's (2008) interaction model, which identifies stance and engagement as voice components realized through linguistic features including hedges, boosters, attitude markers, self-mention, reader pronouns, and directives. However, findings reveal limitations of sentence-level approaches, highlighting the importance of broader discursive features such as rhetorical moves, citations, and content knowledge. The dialogic perspective demonstrates that voice is co-constructed between writers and readers, with readers' interpretations playing crucial roles. Voice presentation is influenced by disciplinary conventions, genre expectations, and cultural-linguistic backgrounds. Soft sciences employ more interactional markers than hard sciences. L2 writers face unique challenges due to different rhetorical traditions between their L1 and English. The relationship between voice and writing quality remains contested, with studies showing mixed results. The review concludes with pedagogical implications, recommending explicit voice instruction through audience awareness activities, comparative text analysis, and reflective journaling, while acknowledging voice development as a complex, time-dependent process requiring disciplinary experience.

National-Cultural And Spiritual Characteristics Of The Concept “Ko‘Z” In The Uzbek Language

2025-11-18T05:58:51+00:00

The concept “ko‘z” (eye) constitutes one of the fundamental and culturally salient units within the Uzbek linguistic worldview. Far exceeding its primary physiological function, ko‘z operates as a multilayered cognitive construct that encodes perceptual, emotional, ethical, aesthetic, and spiritual meanings. In Uzbek culture, the eye functions as a symbolic medium through which individuals interpret human character, express social relations, regulate communicative behaviour, and conceptualize moral-spiritual values. The present study offers a comprehensive examination of the semantic architecture and linguocultural specificity of the concept “ko‘z” by drawing on key theoretical frameworks in cognitive linguistics and cultural semiotics, particularly the works of Popova and Sternin on conceptual structure, Karasik’s cultural discourse theory, and Lotman’s semiotic space.

Using data from Uzbek phraseology, proverbs, classical literature, folklore, and everyday communicative practices, the analysis demonstrates that ko‘z represents a culturally encoded mechanism for modelling perception, moral evaluation, emotional transparency, social hierarchy, modesty norms, and spiritual insight. The findings reveal that the concept “ko‘z” plays a central role in constructing the symbolic universe of the Uzbek people, reflecting deeply ingrained national mentality, collective memory, and value orientations. As such, the study contributes to a broader understanding of how culturally significant concepts structure linguistic consciousness and mediate the relationship between language, culture, and cognition in the Uzbek context.

Lexicographic Interpretation Of Livestock Terminology In The English Language

2025-11-19T06:41:03+00:00

The topic “Lexicographic Interpretation of Livestock Terminology in the English Language” examines how terms connected with animal husbandry and livestock breeding are defined, systematized, and represented in English dictionaries of various types. The study focuses on the linguistic, cultural, and pragmatic aspects of livestock-related vocabulary, considering both general-purpose lexicographic sources and specialized agricultural glossaries. Livestock terminology, being deeply rooted in the rural and economic life of English-speaking communities, reflects not only professional and scientific classifications but also regional, historical, and metaphorical usages. Lexicographic interpretation involves issues such as semantic precision, polysemy, synonymy, and terminological standardization, as well as the balance between scientific accuracy and accessibility for the lay user. The analysis highlights the role of livestock terms in shaping agricultural discourse, their metaphorical extension into everyday English, and the challenges lexicographers face in adequately capturing their dynamic usage. The study contributes to the broader field of terminography, agricultural linguistics, and English lexicography by emphasizing the need for consistent and context-sensitive representation of livestock terminology.

The Role Of “Content” And “Context” Concepts In CBI And CLIL Methods

2025-11-07T07:45:53+00:00

This article explores the theoretical and practical aspects of the concepts “content” and “context” in two modern language teaching approaches - Content-Based Instruction (CBI) and Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL). In the process of language learning, content refers to the instructional material, while context represents the conditions under which the material is learned. Based on literature analysis, methodological approaches, and learning outcomes, the paper demonstrates how these two categories function within an integrative language teaching framework. The results confirm that the harmony of context and content in CBI and CLIL approaches contributes to the development of learners’ communicative and professional competencies.

Development Of Professional Competence Based On A Simulation Model In Teaching English In Medical Education

2025-11-14T07:04:40+00:00

This study explores the theoretical, methodological, and practical aspects of applying simulation technologies in developing professional skills of future pediatric physicians in medical education. Conducted at the Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, the research examined the effectiveness of simulation-based English language teaching in fostering clinical, communicative, and reflective competencies. The experimental group of 120 pediatric students demonstrated a 1.4-fold higher performance in professional communication, clinical reasoning, and medical ethics compared to the control group taught through traditional methods. The study scientifically substantiates the efficiency of integrating simulation technologies into medical English instruction for enhancing professional readiness among future doctors.

From Göktürk Runes To Latin Reform: Writing Systems Of The Turkic World And The Quest For A Common Alphabet

2025-11-18T09:43:13+00:00

This article explores the historical development and contemporary transformation of writing systems used by Turkic communities, with a particular focus on the growing debate over a Common Turkic Latin Alphabet. It begins by defining writing systems as conventional visual representations of spoken language and emphasizes that no alphabet is inherently “advanced” or “backward”; rather, scripts are tools that provide orthographic unity and support the development of a standard written language. The study then traces the succession of scripts employed by Turkic peoples—from Runic (Göktürk), Manichaean, Uyghur, Brāhmī, Sogdian, Tibetan, Hebrew, and Arabic to Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic—and highlights their functional and sociopolitical contexts. Special attention is given to the Soviet period, during which the Unified New Turkic Alphabet (a 34-letter Latin-based system) was briefly used across all Turkic communities before being replaced by a set of mutually divergent Cyrillic alphabets designed to hinder inter-Turkic literacy.

In the post-Soviet era, independent Turkic republics and other Turkic communities have increasingly turned to Latin-based scripts, producing a complex landscape in which multiple, often incompatible Latin alphabets coexist. The article analyzes current reforms and controversies in Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Tatarstan, including the technical and linguistic problems posed by apostrophe-heavy orthographies and unnecessary deviations from shared Turkic conventions. It argues that the ultimate goal should not be merely “Latinization,” but alphabetic and orthographic convergence through a scientifically grounded, 32–34 letter Common Turkic Latin Alphabet. Such a shared system, the article contends, is crucial for enhancing cultural, social, economic, and political cooperation, and for strengthening mutual intelligibility among the many Turkic languages.

Predicative Words And Their Study

2025-11-20T12:15:41+00:00

This article examines the principles of dividing words into parts of speech, the study of predicative words, the use of predicative words as predicates, and their consideration as a separate part of speech in Turkic languages.

Traffic Culture As A Factor Of Social Safety: Starting From Childhood

2025-11-12T05:26:33+00:00

This article analyzes the pedagogical foundations of teaching children traffic rules and cultivating a culture of adherence to them. The study examines methods for developing traffic safety skills in children through the collaborative efforts of family, school, and society. Additionally, the effectiveness of didactic games, visual aids, and interactive activities is presented on a scientific basis. The pedagogical, social, and cultural features of fostering traffic culture in various countries are also analyzed. Based on the experiences of Sweden, Germany, Japan, the United States, and other countries, effective methods for instilling traffic culture in children from an early age are highlighted. The analysis of international practices provides a rationale for applying advanced approaches within the education system of Uzbekistan.

The Importance Of Media Content In Teaching Military English

2025-11-15T12:03:43+00:00

This paper provides an in-depth investigation of the pedagogical, cognitive, and communicative impact of media content in teaching Military English. The study integrates quantitative testing and qualitative classroom observation to assess how audiovisual and interactive materials enhance operational communication skills. Conducted at the Military Security and Defense University, the research involved 60 cadets and instructors. Results demonstrate significant linguistic and analytical skill improvement and highlight the transformative potential of media-integrated language teaching in defense education. The study proposes a framework for curriculum modernization based on authentic, contextualized, and technology-enhanced instruction.

The Role Of Emoji And Gifs As Paralinguistic Markers In Online Academic And Informal Discourse

2025-11-19T06:32:56+00:00

This article examines the role of emoji and GIFs as paralinguistic markers in online communication, with a special focus on their functions in both academic and informal digital discourse. While traditional paralinguistic cues—such as intonation, facial expressions, and gestures—are absent in text-based interaction, digital users increasingly rely on visual symbols to signal emotional tone, interpersonal stance, pragmatic intent, and discourse structure. By analyzing current theoretical perspectives and studies in computational linguistics, pragmatics, and computer-mediated communication (CMC), this paper argues that emoji and GIFs serve not only expressive purposes but also interactional and epistemic functions. The article highlights how these multimodal elements contribute to clarity, reduce miscommunication, and even shape academic identity and online scholarly engagement.

The Symbiotic Tapestry: Unweaving The Enduring Connection Between Classical Literature And Folklore

2025-11-06T07:47:06+00:00

This article examines the profound and symbiotic relationship between classical literature and folklore, arguing that the two traditions are not distinct but rather exist on a fluid continuum of narrative exchange. While often positioned in a hierarchical dichotomy—classical literature as "high" culture and folklore as "low" or "popular" culture—a closer analysis reveals a continuous cycle of influence. The article employs the IMRAD structure to investigate this connection. The Introduction establishes the theoretical framework and defines key terms. The Methods section outlines the comparative textual analysis and motif-tracking methodology used to trace folkloric elements within classical texts. The Results section presents a tripartite analysis: first, it explores how foundational works of classical literature, such as Homer's epics, are deeply rooted in pre-existing oral folk traditions; second, it analyzes how later literary authors like Ovid and Chaucer consciously appropriated and refined folk motifs, structuring them into sophisticated literary forms; and third, it demonstrates how these literary works, in turn, feedback into and enrich the living stream of oral folklore, creating a recursive cycle. The Discussion contextualizes these findings, emphasizing that the transformation of folk material into literature represents not an act of supersession but one of preservation and re-contextualization, ensuring the survival and continued relevance of archetypal narratives. The article concludes that the boundary between classical literature and folklore is porous, and their enduring connection is fundamental to understanding the evolution of Western narrative tradition.

Global And Uzbek Perspectives On Intertextuality: An Analytical Comparison

2025-11-14T04:49:48+00:00

This article provides a comparative analysis of intertextuality in Western and Uzbek linguistics. It traces the evolution of intertextual theory from Bakhtin’s dialogism and Kristeva’s semiotic approach to the postmodern interpretations of Barthes, Genette, and Eco. The study highlights how Uzbek linguists such as Yo‘ldoshev, Khomidova, and Muzaffarova have localized and reinterpreted intertextuality within national literary and cultural contexts. Methodologically, the research employs comparative-descriptive and analytical approaches, focusing on the adaptation of global theories to Uzbek linguistic traditions.

Issues In The Transliteration Of Toponyms From Languages With Diverse Structural Typologies

2025-11-18T09:34:42+00:00

In today’s era of globalization, the expansion of socio-economic and cultural relations among countries, as well as ongoing processes of national development, has led to noticeable changes on the world’s geographical map. These shifts have brought forward a range of issues related to the representation of place names in geographic maps, diplomatic documents, and other official records across different languages, as well as the ways in which these names are adapted and transferred from one language to another. This, in turn, necessitates a thorough investigation of the principles governing the transliteration of place names—toponyms—across linguistically diverse systems.

Toponyms, formed throughout the historical development of human society, reflect not only geographical realities but also the worldview, cultural values, and identity of their linguistic communities. In particular, the names of capital cities, historically significant urban centers, major tourism destinations, and religious hubs are actively used in multilingual communication worldwide. Such macrotoponyms spread broadly into other languages and, as culturally bound realia, must be transferred as faithfully to the original as possible. For this reason, their transliteration occupies a distinct and important place.

However, significant challenges arise in transliterating toponyms from one language into another due to differences in linguistic structure, phonetic systems, letter inventories, as well as variations in orthoepic and orthographic norms. This article discusses the fundamental principles of transliteration and analyzes the challenges associated with rendering macrotoponyms from various countries into other languages in forms that are maximally close to their authentic originals.

Soft Skills In Interpretation Of The Qur'an And Hadis

2025-11-20T10:52:16+00:00

This article presents information on the knowledge and skills for managing unique human abilities, concepts known in modern scientific parlance as "soft skills," which existed 14 centuries ago thanks to the Quran and Hadis. A comparative analysis and research were also conducted.

Synchronous Study Of Fire Safety Lexical Units In Uzbek Languages

2025-11-12T05:20:12+00:00

In this study, the synchronous development of lexical units and combinations related to fire safety in the Uzbek language is studied. In this study, the ideas of many linguists of the world about terms and lexical units are put forward, and the role of English and Russian in the formation of lexical units and combinations related to the field of fire safety in the Uzbek language is discussed. In the formation of each lexical unit, intercultural differences are discussed in detail. After our country gained independence, attention to the issue of nationalization in written and oral speech increased, and the need arose to name terms and terms in the Uzbek language. After the collapse of the USSR, the independent development of all the CIS republics was observed in every sphere, including military technology. Progress in each area occurred through strengthening cooperation with developed countries, studying and appropriately assimilating their experience. This, in turn, led to the widespread penetration of terms into the field of linguistics, that is, to a “terminological explosion”.

Structural And Semantic Features Of Information Technology Terminology

2025-11-15T12:01:32+00:00

A large and dynamic system of specialized terminology has emerged as a result of the quick growth of information technology. With an emphasis on word-formation models, formation patterns, and semantic evolution, this article examines the structural and semantic characteristics of information technology (IT) terminology. The productivity of borrowing, compounding, and shortening is highlighted in the paper as important structural mechanisms influencing IT vocabulary. Semantic characteristics of IT terminology are analyzed, including polysemy, metaphorization, and restriction of meaning. Additionally, the study looks into how conceptualization and word creation in the digital sphere are influenced by cognitive and cultural aspects. The study attempts to elucidate the mechanisms behind term creation and semantic change by examining real linguistic data from English-language IT sources. The results advance our knowledge of how terminology represents the changing link between human cognition and digital reality and how language adjusts to technological progress.

Reflection Of James Joyce’s Works In Translation

2025-11-19T05:50:52+00:00

This article examines the reflection of James Joyce’s works in translation, focusing on the linguistic, cultural, and philosophical challenges of rendering his complex style into other languages, particularly Uzbek. Joyce’s innovative techniques — including stream of consciousness, syntactic experimentation, and multilayered symbolism — create unique difficulties for translators. The study highlights Ibrohim G‘ofurov’s contributions to Uzbek translation, showing how he preserved Joyce’s rhythm, imagery, and inner musicality through creative adaptation. Using examples from Ulysses, Dubliners, and Finnegans Wake, the article explores how dynamic equivalence and cultural domestication theories apply to Joyce’s translation. It concludes that translating Joyce is not only a linguistic act but also an intercultural dialogue that enriches national literature and deepens understanding of modernist aesthetics.

Intercultural Miscommunication In Digital Discourse: Linguistic And Cultural Factors

2025-11-05T12:45:22+00:00

In the era of digital communication, intercultural miscommunication has become an increasingly salient issue, reflecting the intersection between linguistic behaviour and cultural norms. The study explores how language, context, and cultural expectations interact within online communication platforms to produce misunderstanding. Drawing upon theories of intercultural pragmatics, digital discourse analysis, and cultural linguistics, the paper identifies linguistic (lexical ambiguity, pragmatic failure, code-switching) and cultural (contextual expectations, politeness conventions, emoji interpretation) factors that contribute to miscommunication in digital settings. The research synthesis insights from international scholars (Hall, Hofstede, Thomas, Herring) as well as Russian and Uzbek academics (Karasik, Issers, Yuldasheva, Makhkamova) to provide a comparative view of how cultural variables shape online discourse. Examples from English, Russian, and Uzbek digital interactions demonstrate that the lack of shared background knowledge often results in pragmatic failure and distortion of intended meaning. The findings highlight the necessity for enhanced intercultural and digital literacy in modern language education and underscore the growing importance of context awareness in globalised digital spaces.

Refleсtiоn Оf Сhildren’s Emоtiоnаl Thinking In The Lаnguаge Оf Fiсtiоn

2025-11-13T09:47:20+00:00

This article examines how children’s emotional thinking is reflected in the language of fiction. The study explores linguistic, stylistic, and psychological features that reveal the emotional world of child characters. Through qualitative analysis of selected literary texts, the research identifies narrative techniques, lexical choices, and stylistic devices that embody the emotional perception of reality typical for children. The findings contribute to understanding how fiction represents and shapes the emotional development of young readers. The article investigates how children’s emotional thinking is expressed and reflected in the language of fiction, emphasizing the interrelation between linguistic form, psychological perception, and narrative structure. The main objective of the study is to analyze the linguistic and stylistic mechanisms through which writers convey the emotional world of child characters. The research is based on the qualitative analysis of several literary works, including The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll, and Matilda by Roald Dahl. The study applies elements of cognitive linguistics and child psychology to identify how specific linguistic features—such as expressive adjectives, interjections, metaphors, repetitions, and childlike narrative perspectives—reflect emotional cognition. The results show that authors deliberately simplify syntax and use emotionally charged vocabulary to capture the sincerity, curiosity, and sensitivity characteristic of children’s emotional thinking. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrates that the fictional depiction of a child’s emotional experience not only enhances the reader’s empathy but also supports children’s emotional and cognitive development. The research concludes that the language of fiction functions as a mirror of emotional thought, providing a linguistic framework for understanding and expressing human emotions in early cognitive stages.

On The Study Of Ethnotoponyms Formed By The Location Of Representatives Of Tribes

2025-11-18T09:27:05+00:00

This article studies ethnotoponyms formed by referring to the place of residence of the clan and tribe representatives that formed the basis of the ethnonym.

Orientation To Education In The Works Of Alisher Navoi And Their Manifestation In Today's Education System

2025-11-20T09:04:08+00:00

This article focuses on the legacy of the great scholar Navoi, the efforts to further develop the work in this area, the concepts of education, culture, spirituality in Navoi's views and their role in today's education system. The prayer is illuminated.

The Use Of Alphanumeric Abbreviations In English And Uzbek Texts

2025-11-08T11:36:19+00:00

This article analyzes the linguistic, semantic, and pragmatic features of alphanumeric abbreviations (those combining letters and numbers) in English and Uzbek. The study compares their structural models, spheres of usage, and cultural connotations. It also explores the reasons for the emergence of such abbreviations in the context of globalization, technology, and digital communication.

A Study Of Mahmur’s Lyrics: Satire, Social Criticism, And The Ghazel Of Hafiz

2025-11-15T10:49:27+00:00

This article analyzes the main directions of the lyrical heritage of the poet Makhmour, who lived and worked in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Although Makhmour’s work is mainly known for its satirical works, his religious-enlightening, social and romantic poems also deserve special attention. The article critically evaluates the ghazals presented in the commentary “Majmuat ush-shuaro” and studies them on the basis of a detailed poetic analysis written by Makhmour on Hafiz's ghazal. The lyrical images, emotions and philosophical layers in Makhmour’s poetry are highlighted on the basis of specific examples.

Universal Characteristics Of Gender Categories In Language

2025-11-18T13:45:21+00:00

This article examines the universal characteristics of gender categories in contemporary societies through comprehensive literature analysis. The study explores the nature of gender as a social construction, its cross-cultural commonalities, and transformations in modern contexts. Based on theoretical analysis of diverse scholarly works, the research reveals that despite cultural variations, gender categories possess certain universal characteristics manifested in social roles, identification processes, and linguistic expressions.

About Fizuli's Work “Rind And Zahid”

2025-11-12T05:41:33+00:00

The Persian works of Muhammad Fuzuli require separate studies in terms of their language, art, and theme. The article discusses the idea of the poet's famous work “Rind and Zahid” and the world of mystical images. The world of images, symbols and emblems of Eastern classical literature has a certain sequence and gradual development. Their roots have different foundations. However, the main source of influence of classical literature is the Holy Quran and the Holy Hadith. The main idea, art and the emergence of images of literary literature are connected to these two sacred sources. The source of origin of Zahid and Rind among the images of the lover, the arif, the beloved, the sociable, the pir and dervish, is also divine books. These two images of Rind and Zahid, which served to improve each other, are contrasted with each other in fully expressing the author's theme. But both images are exemplary for human qualities and morality. After all, their goal is the same. Only the paths leading to the Truth are different. Fuzuli shows the mystical way of life and the manners of the order through the dialogue between the father, a hermit, and the son, a rind. Both the father's advice and the son's passion for knowledge are directed towards humanity. The article also shows the significance of the work in human development today. Comments are also made about Fuzuli's potential and skill.

Cognitive Semantics Features In The Process Of Analyzing Contexts

2025-11-18T09:12:16+00:00

This article analyzes the formation process of the field of cognitive semantics, its main principles, its connection with conceptual systems and thinking, and the cognitive mechanisms of meaning formation in linguistic units. The work is based on research conducted in the cognitive direction of linguistics, emphasizing methodological approaches such as conceptual metaphor and frame analysis. In addition, the article examines the study of cognitive semantic issues in Uzbek linguistics and discusses the prospects of scientific research in this area.

Folkloric Elements In The Works Of Erkin A’zam: Interplay Of Literary Language And Oral Tradition

2025-11-20T05:18:12+00:00

This study analyzes the functional, structural, and semiotic roles of folkloric elements in the novellas of Erkin A’zam, a leading figure in contemporary Uzbek prose. Drawing on linguopoetic and narrative-theoretical frameworks, the research examines how mythic motifs, archetypal imagery, vernacular expressions, and ethnographic details are integrated into the author’s literary language.

The investigation combines textual and structural analysis with receptor-oriented feedback obtained from first-year philology students at Karshi State University, whose interpretive responses offered additional evidence regarding the perception and cultural relevance of folkloric content in modern literary contexts. The findings indicate that A’zam’s strategic use of folkloric components not only enriches the symbolic and aesthetic dimensions of his narratives but also constructs a cultural bridge that links modern literary discourse with the oral heritage of the Uzbek people.

The study concludes that folkloric structures constitute a central component of A’zam’s narrative poetics, reinforcing cultural memory while enabling the recontextualization of traditional motifs within contemporary artistic frameworks.

Comparative Analysis Of Advertising Texts In Russian And Uzbek Languages

2025-11-07T09:31:29+00:00

This article is devoted to the analysis of linguistic means used in advertising texts aimed at a female audience in the Russian and Uzbek languages. It examines phonetic, lexical, morphological, and syntactic features of advertising discourse. Special attention is paid to the use of emotionally colored vocabulary, stylistic devices, borrowings, and gender stereotypes. The comparative analysis reveals both similarities and differences in language influence strategies in the two compared languages. The study emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive approach to analyzing advertising texts as a tool for shaping consumer behavior and influencing the target audience.

Occasional Units In Uzbek Poetry: A Lingvo-Cognitive Analysis

2025-11-14T08:10:49+00:00

This study investigates occasional units in Uzbek poetry from a lingvo-cognitive perspective. Occasional units are one-time artistic constructs created by poets beyond the normative morphological and lexical possibilities of the language. The research examines their morphological, semantic, and syntactic properties, as well as the visual and emotional effects they evoke in readers. Examples are drawn from the poems of Usmon Azim and Guljamol Asqarova. The findings demonstrate that occasional units enrich the poem’s aesthetic, semantic, and cognitive depth, providing readers with vivid imagery and psychological engagement.

From Göktürk Runes To A Common Latin Script: Historical Alphabets Of The Turks And The Problem Of Orthographic Unity

2025-11-18T09:54:39+00:00

This article offers a diachronic survey of the writing systems used for Turkish and other Turkic varieties over roughly 1,300 years, from the earliest Göktürk (Orkhon) inscriptions to contemporary Latin-based alphabets. It examines the structural and functional properties of thirteen major scripts—Göktürk, Manichaean, Sogdian, Uyghur, Brāhmī, Tibetan, Syriac, Hebrew, Greek, Armenian, Arabic (pre- and post-reform), Cyrillic, and Latin—with particular attention to how adequately each represents the phonological system of Turkish. On the basis of grapheme–phoneme correspondence and coverage of vowel and consonant inventories, the article proposes approximate “suitability percentages” for each alphabet. In the second part, it analyses the emergence of the 34-letter Common Turkic Alphabet adopted at the 1991 Symposium on Contemporary Turkic Alphabets (Marmara University) and compares this model with the Latin-based orthographies of Turkish, Azerbaijani, Uzbek, Turkmen, Karakalpak, Crimean Tatar, and Gagauz. A table of conformity scores highlights both the high compatibility of some standards (Azerbaijani, Turkish, Gagauz, Crimean Tatar) and the marginal or non-existent alignment of others. The study argues that, despite strong historical and political constraints, a functionally unified Common Turkic Latin Alphabet remains a realistic and culturally beneficial goal for enhancing written communication across the Turkic world.

Syntaxeme And Conceptual Analysis Of Nuclear Predicative 1 Components In English And Uzbek Languages

2025-11-21T11:29:51+00:00

This article investigates the syntactic-semantic and cognitive characteristics of sentences containing bivalent homogeneous nuclear predicate 1 (HNP1) components, based on English and Uzbek language materials. The aim is to identify the features of syntaxeme expression by HNP1 components and analyze their conceptual foundations. The problem lies in the lack of a unified approach to analyzing the deep and surface structure of sentences and the need to determine the cognitive basis of syntaxemes. The study employs syntaxeme analysis, transformational grammar, conceptual integration, and metaphorical approaches as its methodology. Sentences are dissected into syntaxemes, revealing substantive, agentive, negative, objective, qualitative, and identificational syntaxemes expressed by HNP1 components. The results highlight isomorphic and allomorphic features of HNP1 in both languages: Uzbek emphasizes emotional and metaphorical conceptualization, while English focuses on static states and individual actions. In conclusion, the research enhances understanding of the interplay between linguistics and cognitive sciences, paving the way for broader multilingual analyses.

The Hybrid Genre In Karakalpak Children’s Literature (Based On Sh. Seitov’s “Qiyal Atawy”)

2025-11-12T05:33:35+00:00

This article investigates the genre status of Sh. Seyitov’s “Qıyal Atawı” (Dream Island). While the author calls it a “novel in verse”, opponents claim it is a poem. Using textual analysis, comparative genre theory, and historical exemplars (Pushkin, Goethe, Byron, Lermontov), the study finds that the work occupies a liminal position: it satisfies many novella/short-novel (повесть) criteria ‒ plot structure, multiple protagonists, episodic composition ‒ yet its poetic form, lyrical digressions and sustained verse-cadence align it with epic/poetic narratives (poems, verse-novels). The article argues for treating “Qıyal Atawı” as a hybrid genre ‒ an authentic instance of the verse-novel phenomenon ‒ and discusses implications for genre theory and pedagogy.

Semantic, Symbolic And Metaphorical Aspects Of The Colour “White” In The Uzbek Language

2025-11-17T13:40:15+00:00

This article examines the semantic, symbolic and metaphorical properties of the lexeme “oq” (“white”) in the Uzbek language. On the basis of historical sources, classical literature and contemporary usage, the cultural, social and aesthetic meanings of constructions with the colour white are revealed. In the course of the study, the word’s metaphorical meanings, historical development and associative features in linguistic consciousness are also analysed. The research findings are illustrated by examples drawn from literary works.

Methods Of Developing Communicative Competence Of Internal Affairs Officers In The Process Of Verbal Communication

2025-11-19T06:37:38+00:00

The article provides a detailed analysis of methods for developing communicative competence among internal affairs officers during verbal communication. It examines the importance of professional speech culture and the formation of effective communication skills, techniques for managing speech in stressful situations, and modern training methods using information and communication technologies.

Transformation Of The Language System Under The Influence Of Information Technologies

2025-11-07T07:42:11+00:00

This article analyzes the interplay between information technology concepts and language, as well as the linguistic problems that arise in this area and the reasons for their emergence.

Occasional Words And Their Study In Literary Texts

2025-11-14T07:00:50+00:00

This article explores occasional words and their application in literary texts. Occasional words, or occasionalisms, are lexemes created individually by authors to convey specific artistic intentions. They exist outside the conventional language system and are typically used once within a given context. This study analyzes the formation, stylistic functions, and semantic richness of occasionalisms. Examples from Uzbek literature demonstrate their role in attracting reader attention, creating poetic effects, and enhancing the expressiveness of literary texts. The findings highlight that occasionalisms, unlike neologisms, remain context-bound and contribute significantly to the aesthetic and semantic depth of literary works.

Towards Orthographic Unity In The Turkic World: Historical Attempts At A Common Written Language And The Contemporary Role Of The 34-Letter Common Turkic Latin Alphabet

2025-11-18T09:39:04+00:00

This article examines the historical evolution and contemporary significance of efforts to establish linguistic unity among Turkic peoples, focusing particularly on the question of a shared alphabet and the viability of a common written language. The study argues that the most urgent task today is the widespread adoption of the 34-letter Common Turkic Latin Alphabet across all Turkic written languages, followed by a reasoned discussion on whether any single Turkic written language can serve as a common medium of supra-national communication. Rather than advocating an unrealistic unified Turkic written language, the article highlights the pragmatic goal of increasing shared terminology among existing Turkic languages.

Historically, two major initiatives shaped the discourse on linguistic unification: İsmail Gaspıralı’s late nineteenth-century vision of a single Turkic written language for all Turkic peoples, and Mustafa Chokay’s early twentieth-century project for a unified written language exclusive to the peoples of Turkistan. While both movements left deep intellectual and cultural imprints, the Soviet reorganization of Turkic linguistic space—first through transitional Arabic and Latin alphabets, and later through the imposition of distinct Cyrillic alphabets—fragmented previously shared written traditions rooted in Göktürk, Karakhanid, and Chagatai heritage.

Through a historical-comparative analysis, the article demonstrates how political interventions, alphabet reforms, and emerging local identities facilitated the proliferation of separate written languages among Turkic communities. The study concludes that, despite this diversity, orthographic convergence through a common Latin alphabet remains both feasible and essential for enhancing linguistic compatibility, cultural cohesion, and interregional communication in the twenty-first century.

The Effectiveness Of Songs In Teaching English To Young Learners: A Literature Review

2025-11-20T10:56:10+00:00

Over recent decades, using songs in English language classrooms for young learners has attracted considerable interest from researchers in applied linguistics. This review brings together empirical and theoretical studies that look at how song-based teaching helps children aged 3-12 acquire language skills. The analysis covers phonological awareness, vocabulary learning, grammatical understanding, and emotional factors influenced by musical activities. Evidence shows that songs work as a multisensory teaching tool that improves memory retention, lowers anxiety, and offers authentic language input. Yet their success depends on how teachers use them, how often students hear them, and whether they work alongside other teaching methods. This review points out gaps in current methodology and suggests paths for future research.

English Comparisons In Cultural And Historical Context

2025-11-12T05:23:27+00:00

Comparison is one of the oldest and most expressive devices in the English language. It not only imbues speech with imagery and emotion but also reflects a national worldview, value system, and cultural characteristics. Each comparison carries a cultural and historical code—an echo of a particular era, beliefs, traditions, and social norms. This article examines the cultural and historical context of English similes, which allows for a deeper understanding of the development of the language, as well as the characteristics of English thought and imagery.

The Discussion Of The State Of Province In Alisher Navoi’s Work “Khamsat Ul-Mutahayyirin”

2025-11-15T12:03:41+00:00

One of the works of Hazrat Navoi, in which the status of the state of provin- cialism is described, is his Manaqibs. In these Manaqibs, Navoi writes a separate work praising those whom he held dear and whom he considered to be friends of Allah. One of the rarest of these is the work “Khamsatu-l-mutahayyirin”. The work contains important information about the life and biography of Mavlano Abdurahmon Jami, his activities, professions, works written by him, as well as the saintly qualities, virtues and miracles of this person, presented through the speeches of Hazrat Navoi or through stories. This article discusses the guardianship, revelations, virtues, and allied relations of mawlana Abdurahman Jami with Navoi.

The Ethical-Philosophical Essence Of Said Ahmad's Stories

2025-11-19T06:25:45+00:00

This article depicts the human psyche and its relationship to the external world, its place and status in society, and the social interactions between people. The stories "Khoplon" ("The Leopard") and "Sobikh" ("The Ex") by Said Ahmad were taken as the object of research.

From Silence To Self-Expression: Representations Of Gender Inequality In Uzbek Literature Of The Independence Period

2025-11-05T12:52:38+00:00

For decades, gender inequality in Uzbek literature was viewed through a patriarchal lens, with male authors largely representing women’s issues. Consequently, twentieth-century women writers rarely challenged gender stereotypes. In the twenty-first century, however, new feminist-oriented perspectives have emerged. This article seeks to deepen understanding of gender, feminism, and the representation of women in Uzbek literature while rethinking traditional views.

CLIL In STEM Education: Enhancing Scientific Literacy Through Language Integration

2025-11-13T09:50:43+00:00

Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) has gained increased attention as a pedagogical link between conceptual and language development due to the combined demands for STEM competency and multilingual competence. Using empirical studies published, this systematic review investigates whether CLIL improves students' disciplinary vocabulary and scientific literacy in STEM education. Sixty-two studies were found in major databases and coded according to pedagogical, design, and context factors. The results consistently show that CLIL learners outperform their classmates who are not CLIL in terms of conceptual understanding and scientific communication. When training clearly combines language objectives with disciplinary activities like reasoning, debate, and modeling, the biggest advances take place. A deeper conceptual engagement is supported by evidence that suggests multimodal scaffolding, translanguaging techniques, and cognitively productive classroom discourse reduce the risk of cognitive overload. Uneven resource access and a lack of teacher experience with dual-focus design, on the other hand, continue to be obstacles. According to the review's findings, CLIL can effectively promote scientific literacy when language is viewed as a cognitive tool for disciplinary thinking rather than just a teaching medium. A reporting checklist and a scaffolded CLIL-STEM framework are suggested to direct further study and application. The implications for curriculum development, teacher preparation, and educational policy that aim to promote integrated literacy in science are examined.

The Didactic Potential Of Digital Technologies In Teaching English To Engineering Students

2025-11-18T09:31:05+00:00

In the modern era of rapid technological advancement, digital technologies have become an indispensable part of education at all levels. Therefore, their didactic potential in teaching English, particularly to engineering students, deserves close attention. This article discusses how digital tools—such as multimedia platforms, virtual simulations, artificial intelligence applications, and mobile technologies—enhance communicative competence, learner motivation, and professional skills. Furthermore, it examines how these tools promote independent learning, collaboration, and integration between technical and linguistic education. The paper concludes that digital pedagogy offers vast opportunities for developing modern engineers capable of operating effectively in a global and digitalized world.

The Impact Of Paralinguistic Means On Communicative Effectiveness In Media Communication

2025-11-20T09:07:42+00:00

The evolution of modern media has heightened interest in the construction of meaning through both verbal content and paralinguistic elements, including intonation, voice quality, pauses, facial expressions, and gestures. This article analyzes the influence of paralinguistic cues on communicative efficacy in media communication, defined as a multidimensional construct encompassing clarity, credibility, emotional engagement, and memorability of messages. We used a mixed-methods design. First, we looked at the content of some TV news shows, podcasts, and online video blogs to see how often and how useful paralinguistic means were used. Second, an experimental study involving 240 participants examined the impact of systematically varied paralinguistic patterns on recipients' assessments of media messages. The results show that moderate expressiveness in prosody and facial behavior makes information seem clearer and more credible, while extremely monotonous or overly dramatic patterns make people less likely to trust it and make them feel overwhelmed. The findings indicate that the synchrony between verbal and paralinguistic elements is more crucial for communicative efficacy than the intensity of nonverbal expression alone. The article contends that structured instruction in paralinguistic competence ought to be incorporated into media education and professional advancement for journalists, presenters, and digital content creators. The research's constraints and the potential for subsequent investigations into multimodal media communication are delineated.