American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation

Reframing Medical And Pharmaceutical Education Through Artificial Intelligence: An Integrative Pedagogical Model Linking Clinical Decision Support, Drug Discovery, Delivery Design, And Pharmacovigilance

Dr. Sofia M. Ionescu — 2026-03-01

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly reshaping how medicine and pharmacy are practiced and, consequently, how they must be taught. Across medical training, anatomy instruction, diagnostic reasoning, and pharmacy practice, AI tools are increasingly used to support decision-making, automate or augment learning pathways, and generate new modes of assessment and feedback (Bajwa et al., 2021; Mir et al., 2023; Joseph et al., 2025; Hooda et al., 2022). In parallel, pharmaceutical R&D is being transformed by AI-enabled workflows spanning discovery, development strategy, drug-delivery design, and post-market safety monitoring (Blanco-González et al., 2023; Sarkar et al., 2023; Vora et al., 2023; Algarvio et al., 2025). Despite this dual acceleration, educational implementation remains uneven, with persistent challenges in faculty readiness, student digital literacy, mental-health concerns, validity of assessment, and the governance of AI-supported learning environments (Delello et al., 2025; Walter, 2024; Yaseen et al., 2025; Tan et al., 2025). This article develops a publication-oriented, research-style synthesis that bridges these streams into a single curricular and governance architecture tailored to modern medical and pharmaceutical education. Using an interpretive, evidence-mapped meta-synthesis, the study identifies four integrated learning domains: (1) AI for clinical reasoning and diagnosis, (2) AI for drug discovery and pharmaceutical research, (3) AI for pharmaceutical technology and drug-delivery design, and (4) AI for pharmacovigilance, safety, and medico-legal accountability (Aamir et al., 2024; Kumar et al., 2025; Vora et al., 2023; Algarvio et al., 2025; Di Mauro et al., 2025). Results are presented as descriptive, education-focused findings that clarify how adaptive learning platforms, intelligent assistants, and assessment systems can be aligned with discipline-specific competencies and professional ethics (Chen, 2025; Sajja et al., 2024; Mahamad et al., 2025). The discussion proposes a program-level implementation pathway emphasizing AI literacy, transparent evaluation practices, and safeguards addressing bias, student wellbeing, and professional accountability (Walter, 2024; Delello et al., 2025; Vasudevan et al., 2025). The paper concludes with actionable recommendations for curriculum planners and faculty leaders to transform AI adoption from isolated tool use into coherent competency development across medicine and pharmacy (Alqahtani et al., 2025; Wang & Li, 2024).

Polyphenol Modulation of Synaptosomal Ca²⁺ Signaling at NMDA Receptors

Holiqova M.A. — 2026-03-17

Background: NMDA receptor (NMDAR) overactivation and the resulting Ca²⁺ overload represent a convergent biophysical pathway implicated in synaptic failure in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [1]. Memantine is a clinically used uncompetitive NMDAR antagonist that targets the channel pore, but ligand‑site modulation may offer a distinct pharmacological profile.

Methods: Rat brain synaptosomes were isolated by differential centrifugation and loaded with Fluo‑4 AM to monitor cytosolic Ca²⁺ signals. NMDAR‑dependent responses were evoked with glutamate (50 μM) and glycine (50 μM). The polyphenol G‑41 was tested across 10–100 μM and concentration–response relationships were analyzed using the Hill equation (n = 6 independent preparations). To map the target site(s), we assessed interactions with Zn²⁺ and Mg²⁺ (5 μM; additional tests 10–100 μM in the AD condition), and compared G‑41 effects with memantine (50 μM). GABAergic context was probed using GABA (100 μM), picrotoxin (50 μM), diazepam (10–100 μM), and phenobarbital (10–100 μM).

Results: G‑41 produced concentration‑dependent suppression of both glutamate‑ and glycine‑driven Ca²⁺ signals. The apparent IC₅₀ values were 63.9 ± 2.13 μM for the glutamate‑dependent component and 42.93 ± 3.06 μM for the glycine‑dependent component, with steep Hill coefficients (|nH| ≈ 3.35–6.27), consistent with multi‑step receptor gating and/or integrated Ca²⁺ handling. Zn²⁺ and Mg²⁺ did not measurably alter the G‑41 effect, supporting a mechanism not mediated by these allosteric regulators. G‑41 did not overlap with the memantine pore site, suggesting a pharmacological profile distinct from open‑channel blockade.

Conclusions: G‑41 is a synaptosome‑level modulator of NMDAR‑dependent Ca²⁺ dynamics with evidence for dual modulation of glutamate and glycine binding sites and minimal interaction with Zn²⁺/Mg²⁺ allosteric regulation or the memantine pore site. These properties justify follow‑up electrophysiology and binding studies, as well as in vivo validation in AD‑relevant models.

Aromatic Carboxylic Acids and Their Pharmacologically Important Derivatives - Medicinal Chemistry and Therapeutic Applications of Benzoic Acid and Acetylsalicylic Acid

Rakhmatillayeva Indira Anvarovna — 2026-03-15

Aromatic carboxylic acids represent a chemically and pharmacologically privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry, combining the electronic properties of aromatic systems with the versatile reactivity of the carboxyl group. Among these, benzoic acid and acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) stand as two of the most widely studied and clinically impactful compounds in pharmaceutical history. This review critically examines the medicinal chemistry, pharmacological mechanisms, structure–activity relationships (SAR), and therapeutic applications of benzoic acid and its derivatives alongside acetylsalicylic acid, drawing on contemporary research published between 2010 and 2024. Key findings indicate that benzoic acid derivatives exert potent antimicrobial activity through membrane disruption and metabolic interference with bacterial folate synthesis, while acetylsalicylic acid's irreversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) isoenzymes underpins its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, and antiplatelet actions. Emerging research highlights the potential of novel synthetic derivatives bearing the benzoic acid or salicylate pharmacophore for oncology, neurodegenerative disease, and antimicrobial resistance applications. The scientific significance of this work lies in providing an integrated mechanistic and clinical analysis of two structurally related yet functionally diverse chemical classes, identifying critical knowledge gaps, and delineating future directions in aromatic carboxylic acid drug discovery.

The Effect of Collection on The Level of Normal Insulin and C –Peptide in The Blood, Hyperglycemia of Adrenaline and Alloxan Origin

Malikova Gulchexra Yuldashevna — 2026-03-13

The effect of hypoglycemic collection in rats with alloxan diabetes has been studied. The decrease in blood glucose levels averaged 40%. A decrease in blood glucose and suppression of the intensity of gluconeogenesis is carried out by accelerating glucose transport through increased insulin secretion in the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. Therefore, in the next series of studies, we determined the content of insulin and C-peptide in corvi by radioimmune analysis in rats.

Morphofunctional Features of The Parotid Salivary Gland in Case of Intestinal Microflora Disturbance in White Rats

Abdukarimov Dilshod Isakovich — 2026-03-09

This study examined morphofunctional changes in the parotid salivary gland in white rats with intestinal microflora imbalance. The dysbiosis model was created using combination antibiotic therapy, which caused significant changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the functional state of the digestive system.A comprehensive morphological and morphometric analysis was conducted, examining the structure of the acini, duct system, connective tissue components, and cellular composition of the gland. The following features were noted: decreased acinar size, decreased secretory cell density, increased interacinar space, and changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm of secretory epithelial cells. Signs of a compensatory response in the connective tissue and changes in blood vessels were also recorded.Functional impairments were manifested by a decrease in the secretory activity of the gland, which may be related to the direct influence of intestinal microflora imbalance on the endocrine-metabolic mechanisms of the salivary gland. The data obtained confirm a close relationship between the state of the intestinal microflora and the morphofunctional state of the salivary glands, which is important for understanding the pathogenesis of oral pathologies, as well as digestive and immune dysfunction.The study's results have practical implications for developing methods for the prevention and correction of salivary gland dysfunction in dysbacteriosis and other pathological conditions associated with changes in the intestinal microbiome.

Polyphenol Alleviation of Aluminum Chloride-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Synaptosomal Ca²⁺ Homeostasis in Rats

Muratova M.X. — 2026-03-17

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is driven by convergent mechanisms that include oxidative stress and Ca²⁺-dependent synaptic failure [1–4]. Aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) exposure is frequently used to reproduce selected AD‑like features in rodents, including cognitive/behavioral decline and redox imbalance [7–9]. Here, dissertation-derived experimental results are reformatted into an IMRAD manuscript to assess whether a plant-derived polyphenol fraction (G‑31) can correct AlCl₃‑evoked behavioral suppression and synaptosomal Ca²⁺ dysregulation.

Methods: Male white rats (180–200 g) were assigned to control and AlCl₃ model groups; AlCl₃ was administered (10 mg/kg, i.p., once daily, 7 days) to induce AD‑like neurotoxicity. G‑31 was given at 50 mg/kg using different delivery routes (i.p., intranasal, or per os; n=6/group). Behavior was quantified by open-field exploration (42‑square arena, 3 min) [5], Conditioned reflex passive avoidance (CRPA) and Conditioned reflex active avoidance (CRAA). Synaptosomes were prepared by differential centrifugation and loaded with Fluo‑4AM to quantify cytosolic Ca²⁺ kinetics (peak amplitude, AUC, τ) under Ca²⁺‑containing (2 mM CaCl₂) or Ca²⁺‑free (EGTA) conditions. Oxidative stress was evaluated by malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood and brain homogenates.

Results: The AlCl₃ model robustly increased lipid peroxidation: MDA rose from 11.4±0.1 to 30.2±0.3 μmol/mg tissue in blood and from 4.54±0.4 to 8.35±0.2 μmol/mg tissue in brain (p<0.05–0.01). AlCl₃ exposure also produced a hypomotor/exploratory phenotype in the open field and decreased performance in avoidance-based cognitive paradigms. At the synaptic level, synaptosomal Ca²⁺ transients deviated from the control pattern, consistent with Ca²⁺ dyshomeostasis—an established mechanistic hallmark of AD-related synaptic vulnerability [10–12]. Across regimens, G‑31 shifted behavioral and Ca²⁺ readouts toward the control profile; intranasal delivery produced the most pronounced behavioral correction in this dataset.

Conclusion: These results support a working model in which AlCl₃ triggers oxidative membrane injury and synaptosomal Ca²⁺ dysregulation that jointly contribute to cognitive suppression, and polyphenol G‑31 provides partial, multi-level correction—potentially via antioxidant/metal-chelating effects and normalization of Ca²⁺ entry/clearance mechanisms [14–19].

Comparative Analysis of The Effect of Synthetic Food Additive (E621) On the Detoxification Function of The Liver

Nazarova Nigora Bokhodirovna — 2026-03-15

The growing consumption of processed foods has significantly increased human exposure to synthetic food additives, among which monosodium glutamate (MSG, E621) is one of the most commonly used flavor enhancers. Although MSG is widely applied in the food industry and generally considered safe within regulated limits, excessive intake may have negative effects on metabolic processes and organ function. The liver plays a crucial role in detoxification by metabolizing xenobiotics and eliminating harmful substances from the body. This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the influence of synthetic food additive E621 on the detoxification function of the liver. The research evaluates biochemical indicators of hepatic activity, oxidative stress markers, and structural changes in liver tissue associated with MSG exposure. The findings suggest that excessive consumption of monosodium glutamate may contribute to oxidative imbalance, increased liver enzyme activity, and structural alterations in hepatic cells, which can impair normal detoxification processes. These results highlight the importance of monitoring dietary exposure to synthetic food additives and emphasize the need for further research on their long-term effects on liver health.

The Use of Cardiac Auscultation in The Detection of Valvular Apparatus Defects

Azimova Mavlyuda Makhmudovna — 2026-03-12

The aim of the study was to identify heart valve defects in the early stages using auscultation, to evaluate its informative value and accuracy compared with echocardiography.