American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations

Optimization of Value-Added Flavoured Milk Formulation Incorporating Spirulina Powder for Enhanced Functional Properties

Dr. Nadeesha Perera — Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The development of functional dairy beverages has increasingly focused on incorporating nutrient-dense ingredients capable of improving the nutritional and physiological value of conventional products. Spirulina powder represents a promising functional ingredient because of its protein, essential amino acid, pigment, mineral, and bioactive constituent profile. The present research develops an analytical formulation framework for optimizing value-added flavoured milk containing Spirulina powder, with emphasis on nutritional functionality, physicochemical characteristics, sensory acceptability, and product stability. The proposed methodology integrates controlled Spirulina incorporation with evaluation of pH, titratable acidity, protein content, functional properties, lipid-related nutritional attributes, and sensory quality. Particular attention is given to the concentration-dependent trade-off between enhanced nutritional functionality and consumer acceptability. Existing evidence indicates that Spirulina can contribute nutritionally important amino acids, minerals, and gamma-linolenic acid, while its incorporation into milk-based products can be technically feasible when formulation and processing conditions are appropriately controlled. The analytical framework further recognizes the importance of milk-protein interactions and thermal behavior in determining beverage stability. Rather than reporting fabricated experimental measurements, the Results section presents literature-grounded formulation findings and an optimization interpretation derived exclusively from the supplied references. The study establishes a systematic basis for developing Spirulina-enriched flavoured milk while identifying sensory intensity, processing stability, and concentration optimization as major formulation constraints. The proposed approach can support future experimental validation and development of commercially acceptable functional dairy beverages.

Laboratory Assessment of Rice Varietal Samples for Tolerance To 1.5% NaCl Solution at The Seed Germination Stage

Tue, 15 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of this study was to evaluate the salinity tolerance of rice seeds at the germination stage under laboratory conditions and to identify promising initial material for further breeding work. A total of 21 rice accessions were evaluated under exposure to a 1.5% NaCl solution. The number of germinated seedlings, shoot length, root length, number of roots, plant biomass, and root biomass were determined as indicators of early growth and development. The results demonstrated differences among the studied accessions in germination and initial growth responses under salt stress. The highest numbers of germinated seedlings were recorded in D-111 (99 seedlings), D-66 (98), D-35 (95), D-12 (93), and D-29 (92). The D-111 accession also showed relatively high shoot length (4.54 cm) and root number (4 roots). However, a high germination rate in some accessions was not always accompanied by intensive biomass accumulation and root development. This finding indicates that the assessment of rice tolerance to salinity should consider not only germination capacity but also a combination of morphological characteristics associated with early seedling development. The obtained results demonstrate the potential of laboratory screening for the selection of promising rice germplasm with improved salinity tolerance and its subsequent use in breeding programs aimed at developing varieties adapted to saline environments.

Stroke Rehabilitation: Modern Methods for Recovery and Improving Quality of Life

Inomova Xanifa Shavkatbek qizi, Yuldasheva Shoxida Saitovna — Tue, 22 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Stroke is one of the most important neurological conditions that can lead to long-term disability and significantly affect a person's physical, psychological, social, and professional life. Stroke occurs when the blood supply to a part of the brain is interrupted or when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures. Depending on the type, location, and severity of the brain injury, patients may develop motor impairment, speech and language disorders, swallowing difficulties, cognitive problems, visual disturbances, emotional changes, and limitations in performing everyday activities. Stroke rehabilitation is an essential component of comprehensive stroke care. Its main purpose is not only to improve physical movement but also to restore functional independence, communication abilities, cognitive performance, emotional well-being, and participation in family and social life. Modern rehabilitation is based on an individualized, multidisciplinary and patient-centered approach.

The rehabilitation process may include physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech and language therapy, neuropsychological interventions, cognitive rehabilitation, swallowing therapy, nutritional support, assistive technologies, and appropriate pharmacological management. Early assessment and appropriately selected rehabilitation activities can help patients achieve the highest possible level of independence. Modern rehabilitation approaches increasingly use repetitive task-oriented exercises, balance and gait training, strength exercises, constraint-induced movement therapy, mirror therapy, virtual reality, robotic technologies, and other technology-assisted interventions. However, these methods should be selected according to the patient's clinical condition, functional limitations, rehabilitation goals, and available resources. An important part of rehabilitation is secondary prevention. Management of arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, smoking, obesity, and physical inactivity can reduce the risk of recurrent stroke. Patient education and family involvement are also essential because recovery continues outside the hospital.

This article discusses the major principles of stroke rehabilitation, stages of recovery, modern rehabilitation methods, psychological and social aspects, nutritional support, prevention of recurrent stroke, and the role of healthcare professionals in improving the patient's quality of life.